Psychology Considerations for Rehab

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Presentation transcript:

Psychology Considerations for Rehab CHAPTER 4 Psychology Considerations for Rehab

Psychological Factors in Athletic Injuries Some 3 to 17 million people are injured each year in sport and exercise. Physical factors are the primary causes of injury, but psychological factors can also contribute.

Psychological Antecedents How Injuries Happen Psychological Antecedents Personality Factors To date, personality factors associated with athlete injuries have not been successfully identified. Stress Levels People with high levels of life stress have more sport- and exercise-related injuries.

Psychological Antecedents How Injuries Happen Psychological Antecedents The stress-injury relationship is complex. Smith et al. (1990) found that life stress related to injuries only in “at-risk” athletes (those with few coping skills and low social support). Individuals who have low self-esteem, are pessimistic and low in hardiness, or have higher levels of trait anxiety experience more injuries or loss of time due to injuries. (continued)

Psychological Antecedents How Injuries Happen Psychological Antecedents The stress-injury relationship is complex. The greatest stress sources for injured athletes were not the physical aspects but the psychological ones (e.g., “fear” of reinjury, shattered hopes or dreams). Teaching stress management can reduce risk of injury.

Explaining the Stress-Injury Relationship Attentional Disruption Stress disrupts an athlete’s attention by reducing peripheral attention and causing distraction and task-irrelevant thoughts. Increased Muscle Tension High stress can cause muscle tension and coordination interference.

Explaining the Stress-Injury Relationship Other stress-injury relationship explanations: Overemphasis on acting tough and a “giving 110%” attitude Failure to distinguish between normal discomfort and injury pain “You’re injured, you’re worthless” attitude

Psychological Reactions to Exercise and Athletic Injuries Three general categories of emotional reactions to being injured: 1. Injury-relevant information processing 2. Emotional upheaval and reactive behaviors 3. Positive outlook, coping

Psychological Reactions to Exercise and Athletic Injuries KEYS— Most people experience a typical response to injury, but the speed and ease with which they progress through stages can vary widely. The period immediately following injury is characterized by the greatest negative emotional reactions.