Industrialization and Imperialism: Making of the European Global Order Chapter 25 Industrialization and Imperialism: Making of the European Global Order

Land empires in Asia Java- core of Dutch empire- interventions in Javanese regional wars India- interventions in local disputes (sepoys) **Britain vs. France in global conflicts-most are British victories (except Rev. War) Foundation-Battle of Plassey-1757

Patterns Tropical dependencies: few Europeans rule many non-western Settlement colonies: larger numbers of Europeans rule smaller or equal numbers of natives White dominions Contested settler colonies

Consolidation of British rule Regional conflicts Indian princes not unified Thought British would just go away?

India as center of empire Large population Indian soldiers: sent everywhere Ports: essential to British trade Outlet: investments/manufac. Goods Source: raw materials

Early Colonial Society Left social systems alone-formed new class at the top-native aristocrats left in charge of daily administration Europeans had to adapt to culture and climate Race/gender relations

Social Reform British enforced caste system Little Christian conversion Corruption leads to changes Cornwallis Evangelical revival/utilitarians Major British cultural influence

Partitions of the world Africa Southeast Asia “GUNS VS. SPEARS”

Patterns Tropical dependencies Settlement colonies India, Java, etc. White dominions Canada/Australia Contested settler colonies- South Africa New Zealand Hawaii

Colonial regimes Administration Education Social relations-growing tensions Class, gender, race

Economics Raw materials EXPORT, EXPORT, EXPORT!!!!! Poorly paid labor Profits to mother countries

South Africa Dutch (Boers) British Enslaved native population Later-racial mixing “coloreds” British “Great Trek” – leads to clash w/ Bantus Boer War (1899-1902)

Pacific New Zealand (Maoris) Timber merchants/whalers British farmers/herders weapons/disease/land conflicts Learned to use Western laws, etc. to preserve and defend their culture Multi-racial society today

Pacific (cont.) Hawaii Captain Cook King Kamehameha unified (w/British help) Missionary effort Disease and economic exploitation U.S. annexation in 1898