Bellwork- 8/13 With a partner, answer the following question (be prepared to share with the class) How has the nature of war changed during the modern era?

Intro into U.S. Conflict

Nature of the U.S. Military The U.S.’s history in conflict was largely based upon non-interventionism A foreign policy that holds that political rulers should avoid alliances with other nations but still retain diplomacy and avoid all wars unless related to direct self-defense. Different than isolationism- complete detachment from global affairs

What factors may have contributed to its non-interventionist policies?

Nature of the U.S. Military The U.S.’s history in conflict was largely based upon non-interventionism Policy changed during the Cold War and War on Terror What factors may have contributed to this change? A foreign policy that holds that political rulers should avoid alliances with other nations but still retain diplomacy and avoid all wars unless related to direct self-defense.

Changing nature of US Military History For most of U.S. history the role of the military was in a subordinate position Relatively weak neighbors to the north and south Large oceans on eastern/western borders to isolate it from most of the developed world US security was defined by internal struggles (boundaries and frontiers) U.S. began the early 20th century very secure

Importance of U.S. Military History Today Our early foundations of isolationism are no longer relevant to the modern globalized world of interconnectedness An essential element of national security is the study of war in theory and practice

Types of Warfare

Types of War Wars between two or more countries This can occur with the involvement of a foreign power in a civil war May include other forms: Guerrilla Civil

Types of War Civil War Conflicts fought between two factions or regions of the same country. Incumbent (pro-gov) vs. insurgent (anti-gov) Difference between civil war and revolution?

Types of War Proxy Wars A conflict instigated by opposing powers who do not fight each other directly Most prominent during the Cold War

Types of War Guerrilla War Spanish for “little war” Unconventional warfare Key feature of 20th century Small groups of fighters – ambush; small unit raids

Other Types of War Air Warfare Naval Warfare Trench Warfare

Total War A country uses all its human, economic and military resources to fight the war.

Total War- Characteristics Conscription (draft) Uses civilians in the war effort Uses all weapons available and developing new ones Increased government influence Targets civilians as well as combatants

Limited War Limiting or constraining the way in which war is conducted Types of targets Degree of mobilization Types of weapons used

Conflicts of the U.S. Military Revolutionary War 1776-1783 War of 1812 1812-1814 Second Seminole War 1835-1842 Mexican-American War 1846-1848 American Civil War 1861-1865 Indian Wars 1865-1890 Spanish-American War 1898 Philippines-American War 1899-1902 Boxer Rebellion 1899-1901

Conflicts of the U.S. Military World War I 1917-1918 World War II 1941-1945 Korean War 1950-1953 Cold War 1947 – 1991 Bay of Pigs Invasion 1961 Vietnam War 1965-1975 Invasion of Grenada 1983 Invasion of Panama 1989-1990 Gulf War 1990-1991

Conflicts of the U.S. Military Afghanistan War 2001-Present Iraq War 2003-2011 Libyan Civil War 2011 War on ISIS 2014-Present

Quick Review Discuss the geography of the United States and how it has affected its conflicts. Which conflict appears to the first major conflict against a foreign power (after the War of 1812)? What factors have contributed to ending America’s isolation from outside wars?