The Height of Imperialism (to rule over a territory) 1800-1914

Southeast Asia Approx. 1880’s European rivals competed and took control of Southeast Asia for resources such as pepper, tea and silk for European factories Thailand had strong Kings and remained independent Indirect rule: occurred when local rulers submitted and were allowed to maintain some power (preferred/cost less $) Direct rule: occurred when nations resisted conquest, thus local leaders were removed from power, replacing them with European Officials

Africa 1885-1914 France colonized a huge area in West Africa calling it French Africa Britain took control of southern Africa, Egypt and other parts of Africa Other European nations such as Germany and Italy colonized parts of Africa Rebellions were stopped but by 1908 African Nationalism grew especially by educated Africans and European occupiers weren't welcomed

British Rule in India In 1857 British control of India led to the rebellion of Sepoys (Indian soldiers) but the British stopped it Benefits of British Rule: railroads, telegraph, postal service Cons: most Indians didn’t have decent paying jobs and thus were very poor, British forced the growth of cotton (not food) which caused over 30,000,000 Indians to starve British rule was degrading and by the 1890’s Indians such as Gandhi began an Indian Nationalist Movement

Nation Building in Latin America Since the 1500’s Spain colonized Latin America but in the 1820’s Mexico, Peru, and Latin American nations became independent 1848: Mexico loses the war against the USA and Mexico loses half of its land to the USA The USA wins the Spanish American War in 1898 and annexes (takes control) of Puerto Rico High amount of poverty leads to the 1910-1920 Mexican Revolution led by Emiliano Zapata and Pancho Villa