Dutch and French Colonization and Cultural Differences in the 13 English Colonies

European Settlement . Explain the development of the mid-Atlantic colonies; include the Dutch settlement of New Amsterdam and subsequent English takeover,and the settlement of Pennsylvania.

Middle Colonies

Middle Colonies Immigrants were attracted to the available land and more tolerant religious atmosphere of the Middle Colonies. This was in contrast to the New England Colonies, whose populations increased mainly through birthrate.

New York

New York= New Amsterdam New York was settled by the Dutch, who called it New Amsterdam. In 1664, the British conquered the colony and renamed it New York. A diverse population kept alive this center of trade and commerce (located on Hudson River) founded by the Dutch, whom the British invited to remain there. With members of various British and Dutch churches, New York tolerated different religions.

located in the territory between New England and Virginia, Pennsylvania located in the territory between New England and Virginia,

William Penn William Penn was a Quaker and a champion for democracy and religious freedom. His beliefs in treating people fairly extended to his business dealings with the Native Americans. Pennsylvania territory grew through land purchases instead of wars and fighting for control of the territory.

Government of Pennsylvania Representative assembly elected by landowners. No tax-supported church. Freedom of worship guaranteed to all. Forced to deny right to vote & hold office to Catholics & Jews by English govt. Death penalty only for treason & murder. Compared to 200 capital crimes in England!

French Fur trade At the end of the 16th century, American furs became a popular fashion in Europe. Beaver hats were especially desired by European gentlemen. The French built Quebec as an outpost for fur trading. Some French settlers trapped beavers themselves. Quebec soon became Europe's main source of beaver fur.

Geography, Transportation, Economy St. 1e Analyze the impact of location and place on colonial settlement, transportation, and economic development; include the southern, middle, and New England colonies

13 English Colonies Though the colonies were all English, the backgrounds and motives of the people who settled them were diverse. Regional differences in both climate and natural resources guaranteed that each section would have a distinct culture. It is no surprise that New England—composed of Puritan refugees trying to farm on difficult soil—would develop differently than Virginia—a proprietary-turned-royal colony suited to growing crops.

Transporting goods over long distances. While waterways were not the only means by which colonial people could travel, they were the most effective way to transport goods over long distances. Combined with the fact that these waterways connected to the Atlantic Ocean, giving access to England and other overseas trade, the waterways were crucial to America's economy.

Southern Colonies The Southern Colonies were the first of the three regions permanently settled by England. The area was settled by aristocratic proprietors, and its climate and soil were more favorable to plantation farming than that of the other colonies. Both of these aspects contributed to the development of Southern culture.

Climate and Geography The northern and southern climates and geography influenced the types of crops grown. Depending on the crop, different levels of labor were required. Southern plantations became more dependent on slavery to make a profit from their crops.

New England In the early days of colonial North America, New England was considered the poorest region. This was due mostly to the cold climate and rocky soil. New Englanders were able to cultivate small farms to support their families, but many died in the harsh winters

New England Life expectancy in colonial New England was higher because the settlers' population was low, and nearly everyone took care of his or her own needs through small farms. The climate and geography of New England helped facilitate this type of living.

Middle Colonies Economic development (Agriculture or trade) of the Middle Colonies depended upon the geography and climate of the colony. Some middle colonies resembled Southern Colonies, some resembled New England