Evolution and Biodiversity Origins, Niches, and Adaptation Chapter 5 “There is a grandeur to this view of life…that, whilst this planet has gone cycling on…endless forms most beautiful and most wonderful have been, and are being evolved.” Charles Darwin

Key Concepts Origins of Life Evolutionary processes Ecological niches Species formation Species extinction

Origins of Life Chemical evolution Biological evolution Fig. 5-2 p. 96; Refer to Fig. 5-4 p. 98

Evolution and Adaptation Macroevolution Microevolution Gene pool Mutation Natural selection

Natural Selection Differential approach Adaptive trait Directional selection Stabilizing selection Diversifying selection Co-evolution

Ecological Niches and Adaptation Habitat Fundamental niche Realized niche

Broad and Narrow Niches Generalist species Specialist species

Speciation, Extinction, and Biodiversity Geographic Isolation Reproductive Isolation Fig. 5-8 p. 105

Extinction Background extinction Mass extinction Adaptive radiation