Summary Activities Changes in organising the military 1a) Draw two large timelines on a single piece of A3 paper, one for army reform and one for naval reform. Leave a large space in between them. 1b) Then connect individual moments from one line to the other. Annotate the connection with an explanation of similarity or difference between the reforms to the two services. 2) Make a list of the top five changes to the armed forces from the period 1790 to 1918. Give reasons for your choices. 3) The armed services were a far better prospect in 1913 than in 1813. How far do you agree with this statement?   Technology and people's experience of war 1) How did technological developments over the course of the 19th century make the killing of enemy soldiers more efficient? 2) How were civilians dragged closer and closer to war between 1789 and 1918? 3) How did the British experience of war change between 1789 and 1918?   Britain and France at war 1) What were the main reasons for Britain's success against the French between 1793 and 1815? 2) Why might Napoleon have considered Nelson a more dangerous opponent than Wellington? Explain your answer with evidence. 3) How far did the French Wars hinder Britain's economic progress?   The Crimean War and its impact What were the main problems facing the British army in the Crimea? What role did the navy play in the war? How much of the criticism of Raglan and other commanders was justified? What impact did the work of Florence Nightingale and Mary Seacole have on the war, army reform and public opinion in Britain? How important was the role of Fenton, Russell and others in reporting the war?  

The impact of aircraft and air technology on warfare The Second Boer War Could it be said that the Second Boer war was a positive experience for the British army and the British people? What did the British learn about warfare from their army’s experience during the Second Boer War? Of the three leading British commanders, did any come out of the Second Boer War with an enhanced reputation? How much impact did reporting of the war have on policy and public opinion?  The Western Front To what extent was the trench warfare on the Western Front the only land battle the British could fight from 1914 to 1917? a) How did public opinion and reporting of the Western Front influence government and military policy at the time? b) How has it shaped our view of the war? How did strategic adjustments and technological changes affect the outcome of the Western Front battles? How important were new weapons in changing military strategy from 1914? What were the chief factors shaping Haig’s strategies as seen at the Somme, Passchendaele and the Hundred Days Offensive? a) How far was Haig's strategy the result of expediency? b) Were there alternatives?  The impact of aircraft and air technology on warfare In what ways had air reconnaissance and technology changed warfare by 1918? How did the British government shape and foresee air power between 1914 and 1918? How did German bombing affect British attitudes and defence measures?