Starter Write down three ways in which these people are the same. Write down three ways in which these people are different.

Variation Differences between individuals of the same species

Variation The characteristics you inherit from your parents There are two factors which cause variation: The characteristics you inherit from your parents AND The environment in which you live

Some characteristics can be both inherited and environmental, for example: HEIGHT Height is mostly determined by inheritance, but there are environmental factors such as a poor diet which can stunt growth.

Discontinuous variation Categories Usually caused by one or two inherited genes You either have the gene or you don’t

Continuous Variation Either caused by environmental factors, Or Lots of different genes all working together, A combination of both

Adaptation

Arctic hare Desert hare What are the differences between these two hares that help them survive? Arctic hare Desert hare

What are the differences between these two foxes that help them survive? Arctic fox Desert fox

Adaptations to the cold climate: Thick oily fur coats Layers of blubber under the skin May change colour in the summer Small ears Large furry feet Often longer snout Rounded body shape

Adaptations to the desert climate: Large thin ears Little body fat Thin silky fur Long limbs to help spread the heat They often are only active at night More elongated body shape

Question 1 Give an adaptation that helps this plant survive.

Question 2 Give an adaptation that helps this plant survive.

Question 3 Give an adaptation that helps this plant survive.

All our modern breeds of dog are descended from wolves.

So what makes dog breeds so different today? Very fast and agile Large and strong Small and friendly Courageous, with a very strong jaw Hard-working with a thick coat Loyal and intelligent

Mastiff Gameskeepers dogs (mastiffs) were big, strong dogs and great companions but they were not aggressive or fast enough to chase after the poachers.

What could they do? Another breed known to them was the bulldog. This was quick and aggressive but not strong enough to pull the poachers down and hold them until a gamekeeper arrived. Bulldog

Humans have changed the way dogs look and act by choosing which dogs to breed together. Mastiff – large and strong but slow and not aggressive. Bulldog – Aggressive and quick but small. Bullmastiff – Large, quick, strong and aggressive This is called Selective Breeding

Can you get from the word STEM to ROOT by only changing one letter at a time (but not the position of any letter) in 6 steps? STEM SEEM SEAM REAM ROAM ROOM Root This is an example of evolution small changes which eventually lead to something completely new