Atom: basic building block for all things Substance made up of one type of atom = element 2 or more atoms join to form a molecule

Molecules of living things are made up of 6 elements: carbon hydrogen nitrogen oxygen sulfur phosphorus

proteins carbon carbohydrates hydrogen nitrogen combine lipids oxygen nucleic acids sulfur phosphorus ATP

are large molecules made up of amino acids. Protect against foreign materials Hemoglobin: Protein in red blood cells that attached to O2 so that O2 can be delivered through the body. proteins are large molecules made up of amino acids. **are the most abundant in cells (beside water)

Make many chemical reactions occur more quickly Organisms break down the protein in food to supply our cells with amino acids enzymes proteins Make many chemical reactions occur more quickly amino acids

carbohydrates a group of compounds made of sugars Functions: a source of energy and for energy storage carbohydrates Simple: made up of one or a few sugars Complex: made up of hundreds of sugar molecules a group of compounds made of sugars

lipids fats oils I hate water and won’t mix with it! phospholipids Functions: store energy and form cell membranes lipids fats oils I hate water and won’t mix with it! phospholipids

Are compounds made of subunits called nucleotides DNA Function: store information needed to build proteins and other nucleic acids nucleic acids Called the “blueprints of life” because they contain all the information needed for the cell to make proteins. Are compounds made of subunits called nucleotides

adenosine triphosphate ATP Cell fuel… When food molecules, like carbohydrates and fats, are broken down, some of the released energy is transferred to the ATP molecules. adenosine triphosphate Function: the major fuel used for all cell activities that require energy.

Where in the world does ATP come from?

6CO2 6H20 C6H12 O6 6O2 + + + Photosynthesis Light energy Chlorophyll Carbon dioxide + 6H20 water + Chlorophyll C6H12 O6 sugar + 6O2 oxygen

C6H12 O6 6O2 6CO2 6H20 + + + Respiration ATP (energy) sugar oxygen Carbon dioxide + 6H20 water + + ATP (energy)