Tactical / Investigative Analysis of Targeted Crimes Results of the First Invitational Advanced Crime Mapping Topics Symposium, Denver, June 2001 Presented & Authored By: Lieutenant Michael Ronczkowski – Miami-Dade Police Department, Miami, Florida Crime Analyst Julie Cooper – Irvine Police Department, Irvine, California Tactical Crime Analyst Eric Nelson – Tempe Police Department, Tempe, Arizona

6th Annual International CMRC, Denver, CO Workshop Overview Introductions “Advanced Crime Mapping Topics” Publication – April 2002 Defining Tactical/Investigative Analysis & Targeted Crimes Data Collection & Processing At What Point Should We Start Analyzing Spatially, and How to Ensure Follow-through The “Loop Effect” Case Studies 12/4/2018 6th Annual International CMRC, Denver, CO

www.nlectc.org/cmap/cmap_adv_topics_symposium.pdf www.iaca.net

Tactical / Investigative Crime Analysis Process Defined A continual operational support process involving the review and analysis of current and historical crime data. Done in conjunction with applicable supplementary data from multiple ancillary sources for the purpose of identifying recent, immediate and/or specific ongoing crime trends, patterns, series and hotspots. As well as locating suspicious persons, developing investigative leads, and assisting operational personnel with crime prevention, case clearance, and successful prosecutorial support. REAL-TIME IN LAW ENFORCEMENT NOT THE SAME AS A LIVE-LINK DATA/INFORMATION USED MUST HAVE VALIDITY, THUS, MUST HAVE BEEN THROUGH SOME LEVEL OF REVIEW DISCOUNT CRIMES (ROBBERIES) THAT REALLY CAN’T PREVENT, E.G., DOMESTIC, SHOPLIFTER, AND HIR FROM DEPLOYMENT STRATEGIES 12/4/2018 6th Annual International CMRC, Denver, CO

What is Real-Time Analysis? The gathering and analyzing of crime information / intelligence in a timely manner (within 24 – 72 hours) to be used for operational and investigative deployment strategies. REAL-TIME IN LAW ENFORCEMENT NOT THE SAME AS A LIVE-LINK DATA/INFORMATION USED MUST HAVE VALIDITY, THUS, MUST HAVE BEEN THROUGH SOME LEVEL OF REVIEW DISCOUNT CRIMES (ROBBERIES) THAT REALLY CAN’T PREVENT, E.G., DOMESTIC, SHOPLIFTER, AND HIR FROM DEPLOYMENT STRATEGIES 12/4/2018 6th Annual International CMRC, Denver, CO

Weekly Tactical / Compstat Map Examples

Weekly Tactical/Compstat Map 12/4/2018 6th Annual International CMRC, Denver, CO

Weekly Tactical/Compstat Map 12/4/2018 6th Annual International CMRC, Denver, CO

Weekly Tactical/Compstat Map 12/4/2018 6th Annual International CMRC, Denver, CO

Weekly Tactical/Compstat Map 12/4/2018 6th Annual International CMRC, Denver, CO

6th Annual International CMRC, Denver, CO Tactical Surveillance Map 12/4/2018 6th Annual International CMRC, Denver, CO Microsoft Map Point 2002

Trend Flyer Information for Tactical Deployment

What are Targeted Crimes? Homicide Forcible Sex Offenses Robbery Aggravated Assault Burglary Auto Theft Grand Theft / Larceny 12/4/2018 6th Annual International CMRC, Denver, CO

Goals of Tactical / Investigative Analysis Deterrence Interception Subject Identification / Arrest of Offender Target Hardening 12/4/2018 6th Annual International CMRC, Denver, CO

6th Annual International CMRC, Denver, CO NBC News – Example of Tactical & Investigative Analysis Driven Enforcement 12/4/2018 6th Annual International CMRC, Denver, CO

Data Collection Process and Quality of Data Who is doing the updating and based on what? Multiple Points of Entry Multiple Databases Data Accessibility Data Integrity Data Validity Timeliness KNOW YOUR DATA! Foundation of “One Stop Shop” Immediate access as you develop leads Public records databases, e.g., AutoTrak Everything listed here are tools in your analytical resource toolbox 12/4/2018 6th Annual International CMRC, Denver, CO

Data Variables & Resources Self & Review of Police Reports Computer Aided Dispatch (CAD) & RMS Crime Analysis System Off the Shelf 3rd Party Software (ATAC, SPSS) Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Geographical Information System (GIS) Arrest Systems Reporting Software, e.g., Cognos, Crystal Reports Autotrak / Public Records Pawn Shops Field Interview Cards School Systems Adjacent Jurisdictions Water & Sewer Department of Corrections & County Jail Records 12/4/2018 6th Annual International CMRC, Denver, CO

Other Resources & Variables to Consider Demographics Census Economical & Sociological Land Use / Zoning Schools, Park Districts, Public Housing Weather Aviation Department, Zoning, ITD’s Population Daytime vs. Evening & Business vs. Residential Foundation of “One Stop Shop” Immediate access as you develop leads Public records databases, e.g., AutoTrak Everything listed here are tools in your analytical resource toolbox 12/4/2018 6th Annual International CMRC, Denver, CO

Crime analysis factors examined to isolate a trend Individual crime Modus Operandi Geographical/spatial reference Day/date Time/tempo Subject description and behavior Victim Analysis Target selection Other related crimes 12/4/2018 6th Annual International CMRC, Denver, CO

Tactical / Investigative Analysis Macro – Micro – Macro Continuum Broad-based, Narrowing Criteria, Reevaluate Variables Spatial Analysis Temporal, Victim, Subject, Tempo Pattern & Trend Identification Analytical Reports CAD & RMS Other FI & Pawn Historical GIS Jail Transform, and Load Extract, Transport, Tactical / Investigative Analysis 12/4/2018 6th Annual International CMRC, Denver, CO

6th Annual International CMRC, Denver, CO Systematic Approach to Identifying and Analyzing a Crime Series, Pattern, or Trend The “Loop Effect” When do I begin my Spatial Analysis?? Other Variables to Consider Ensuring Continuous Follow-through and Follow-up Reconciling Data & Updating Cases 12/4/2018 6th Annual International CMRC, Denver, CO

Initiating the “Loop Effect”

6th Annual International CMRC, Denver, CO 1 Case Initiation 911 Calls / BOLOs County & Municipal 12/4/2018 6th Annual International CMRC, Denver, CO

Police Reports, and Discussion with Officer & Investigator 2 Review & Analysis of Police Reports, and Discussion with Officer & Investigator 12/4/2018 6th Annual International CMRC, Denver, CO

5 W’s & Real-Time Analysis: Use / Query of Databases & Resources 3 5 W’s & Real-Time Analysis: Use / Query of Databases & Resources 12/4/2018 6th Annual International CMRC, Denver, CO

Pattern / Trend / Series Identification & Documentation 4 Pattern / Trend / Series Identification & Documentation 12/4/2018 6th Annual International CMRC, Denver, CO

Other Resources & Variables to Consider Demographics Census Economical & Sociological Land Use / Zoning Schools, Park Districts, Public Housing Weather Aviation Department, Zoning, ITD’s Population Daytime vs. Evening & Business vs. Residential Foundation of “One Stop Shop” Immediate access as you develop leads Public records databases, e.g., AutoTrak Everything listed here are tools in your analytical resource toolbox 12/4/2018 6th Annual International CMRC, Denver, CO

Crime analysis factors examined to isolate a trend Individual crime Modus Operandi Geographical/spatial reference Day/date Time/tempo Subject description and behavior Victim Analysis Target selection Other related crimes 12/4/2018 6th Annual International CMRC, Denver, CO

6th Annual International CMRC, Denver, CO 5 Enhanced Analysis: Spatial, Temporal, Tempo, Target, Victim, Offender & MO 12/4/2018 6th Annual International CMRC, Denver, CO

6th Annual International CMRC, Denver, CO Target / Investigative Awareness via Dissemination (Bulletins, Flyers, Maps) 12/4/2018 6th Annual International CMRC, Denver, CO

Continued Case Support, Updates & Continual Monitoring 7 Continued Case Support, Updates & Continual Monitoring 12/4/2018 6th Annual International CMRC, Denver, CO

6th Annual International CMRC, Denver, CO EVALUATION Evaluation is the tool that is often overlooked. Through the use of an evaluation step analysts will be to monitor productivity, utility, and continual learning. 12/4/2018 6th Annual International CMRC, Denver, CO

State & Federal Prosecutorial Support - Enhanced Sentences 8 State & Federal Prosecutorial Support - Enhanced Sentences 12/4/2018 6th Annual International CMRC, Denver, CO

Inmate Release Notification & Monitoring (Probation & Parole) 9 Inmate Release Notification & Monitoring (Probation & Parole) 12/4/2018 6th Annual International CMRC, Denver, CO

* The KEY to the process is that it remains CONTINUOUS! Enhanced Analysis: Spatial, Temporal, Tempo, Target, Victim, Offender & MO Target / Investigative Awareness via Dissemination (Bulletins, Flyers, Maps) Pattern / Trend / Series Identification & Documentation Continued Case Support, Updates & Continual Monitoring “LOOP EFFECT” Real-Time Analysis Coordinated Approach Global awareness Case Liaison Reports & Bulletins Meetings Follow-through 5 W’s & Real-Time Analysis: Use / Query of Databases & Resources State & Federal Prosecutorial Support - Enhanced Sentences Inmate Release Notification & Monitoring (Probation & Parole) Review & Analysis of Police Reports, and Discussion with Officer & Investigator Case Initiation 911 Calls / BOLOs County & Municipal * The KEY to the process is that it remains CONTINUOUS!

Smash & Grab Commercial Burglary Pattern Panty Theft & Return Case Studies Smash & Grab Commercial Burglary Pattern Panty Theft & Return

6th Annual International CMRC, Denver, CO “Smash & Grab Commercial Burglary Pattern” By: Tactical Crime Analyst Eric Nelson, Tempe Police Department 12/4/2018 6th Annual International CMRC, Denver, CO

Pattern Identified Using the “Trigger” Case – Step #3 of Loop Effect 12/4/2018 6th Annual International CMRC, Denver, CO

Enhanced – Spatial Analysis Step #5 of Loop Effect Geographic Information Systems (MapInfo in example) 12/4/2018 6th Annual International CMRC, Denver, CO

Temporal Analysis Based on Pattern Identification 12/4/2018 6th Annual International CMRC, Denver, CO

Step #6 of Loop Effect Target / Investigative Awareness 12/4/2018 6th Annual International CMRC, Denver, CO

“Panty Theft and Return” By: Crime Analyst Julie Cooper, Irvine Police Department DR_NUM DATE TIME DOW CODE_SEC ADDRESS CIRCS 00-11988 62300 1915 FRIDAY 487(a) 2 BERKELEY AVENUE THEFT AND RETURN 00-12183 62600 2200 SUNDAY 484/488 1 DURANZO AISE THEFT ONLY, SUSP OWEN, DAVID 00-15197 80500 1615 SATURDAY 400 STANFORD 00-20597 102200 1330 187 DURANZO ALL LAUNDRY, NO RETURN 00-20784 102500 2113 WEDNESDAY 333 DRANZO AISE THEFT ONLY 00-24501 121700 1645 1 SAN LEON THEFT AND RETURN 3X (RETURN AT 2200) 01-1636 12401 2000 405 STANFORD 01-2734 21101 2240 459 197 SAN LEON 01-3497 22201 2058 THURSDAY 426 STANFORD 01-07982 50101 1804 00-9680 52200 2205 MONDAY 780 STANFORD 01-10348 60601 338 625 SAN LEON 01-10564 60801 2204 1284 TAFT LAUNDRY ROOM 7, ARREST 01-11008 61201 TUESDAY 506 STANFORD 01-11306 61801 2400 3883 PARKVIEW LANE WITNESS 12/4/2018 6th Annual International CMRC, Denver, CO

Pattern Identification Geographic Information Systems (ArcView in example) 12/4/2018 6th Annual International CMRC, Denver, CO

Enhanced Spatial Analysis Utilization of the Animal Movement Script Geographic Information Systems (ArcView in example) 12/4/2018 6th Annual International CMRC, Denver, CO

Addition of Known Sex Offenders Geographic Information Systems (ArcView in example) 12/4/2018 6th Annual International CMRC, Denver, CO

Further Enhancements Using 68% Probability Grid Geographic Information Systems (ArcView in example) & Bryan Hill’s Crime Analysis Extension 12/4/2018 6th Annual International CMRC, Denver, CO

Questions & Conclusion A special thank you to: NIJ Mapping & Analysis for Public Safety (aka: CMRC) National Law Enforcement & Corrections Technology Center (NLECTC) – Southeast and Rocky Mountain Regions Crime Mapping and Analysis Program (CMAP) - Denver Contact Information: Lieutenant Michael Ronczkowski Miami-Dade Police Department 9105 NW 25 Street, Suite 2054, Miami, Florida 33172 305-471-2142, LTSKI@MDPD.COM Crime Analyst Julie Cooper Irvine Police Department One Civic Center Plaza, Irvine, California 92623-9575 949-724-7121, jcooper@ci.irvine.ca.us 12/4/2018 6th Annual International CMRC, Denver, CO