Warm-Up 9/29/16 (p.5-13 INB) Please WRITE the entire question and the full answer you choose: Which of the following occurred as a result of the Sherman Antitrust Act? F Workers secured a greater share of company profits. G The influence of labor unions on factory owners was reduced. H The federal government could dissolve business monopolies. J Businesses were required to pay fees to open overseas locations.

The Progressive Era (Part 2) (1880s-1920s) Page 33-34 in your Spiral

Expanding Public Education The majority of students who went to school during the pre-Civil war era, would leave within four years. Between 1865 and 1895, most states did not pass laws requiring 12 to 16 weeks of school each year. The curriculum emphasized: Reading Writing Arithmetic

Expanding Public Education Discrimination is going to be utilized against minorities and immigrants during the early stages of education expansion. In 1890, fewer than 1% of African-American teenagers went to high school By 1910, 3% of African-American teenagers attended high schools.

Expanding Public Education Some immigrants were able to send their children to school if they could afford it. Adult immigrants would attend night classes to learn English and work towards their citizenship. *Booker T. Washington- prominent African-American educator; head of Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute in Alabama Aimed to equip African-Americans with teaching degrees and higher education diplomas. *W.E.B. Du Bois- first African-American to receive a doctorate from Harvard; founded the Niagara Movement Insisted that African-Americans should seek a liberal arts education so that their demographic would have more educated leaders

Booker T. Washington

W.E.B. DuBois

Segregation and Discrimination *Ida B. Wells- an African-American journalist, newspaper editor and, an early leader in the civil rights movement. She documented lynching in the United States, showing how it was often a way to control or punish blacks who competed with whites. She was active in the women’s rights and women’s suffrage movement.

Ida B. Wells

Segregation and Discrimination As African-Americans continued to exercise their rights and their powers given to them by the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments; restrictions were put in place to keep the African-Americans from exercising their rights. Poll tax- an annual tax that had to be paid before qualifying to vote. Grandfather clause- stated that if a man could not afford the poll tax, or pass the literacy test, they could vote if he, his father, or his grandfather had been eligible to vote before January 1, 1867. Jim Crow Laws- laws enacted by Southern state and local governments to separate white and black people in public and private facilities.

Segregation and Discrimination *Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)- the Supreme Court ruled that the separation of races in public accommodations was legal and does not violate the 14th Amendment. Out in the western part of the U.S., Mexican immigrants and migrant workers also had to adjust to the discrimination that they faced. Debt peonage- a system that bound laborers into slavery in order to work off a debt to the employer.