predavanja v.as.mr. Samir Lemeš

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predavanja v.as.mr. Samir Lemeš slemes@mf.unze.ba Računarska grafika predavanja v.as.mr. Samir Lemeš slemes@mf.unze.ba

7. Svjetlost Svjetlost Percepcija svjetlosti Miješanje boja Osobine boja Gamut

Svjetlost Svjetlost je elektromagnetno zračenje ultraljubičasto violet plava zelena žuta narandž. crvena green ultraljubičasto violet blue infracrveno vidljivi spektar radioaktivne zrake gama zraci X – zraci mikrotalasi radio talasi

Svjetlost Talasna dužina određuje boju Amplituda određuje intenzitet svjetla l 1 2 3 s A 1 2 3

Percepcija svjetlosti Za postojanje boje potrebne su tri komponente: posmatrač, objekat i svjetlost. Iako se čista bijela svjetlost vidi kao da nema boja, ona u stvari sadrži sve boje vidljivog spektra. Kad bijela svjetlost osvijetli objekat, on selektivno blokira neke boje a reflektuje (odbija) druge. Samo reflektovane boje doprinose precepciji boja od strane posmatrača.

Percepcija svjetlosti Ljudsko oko detektuje spektar kombinacijom fotoosjetljivih ćelija: Ćelije oblika štapića. Ćelije oblika konusa (čepića). Oko sadrži tri tipa konusnih ćelija, koje su osjetljive na svjetlosti kratke, srednje ili duge talasne dužine.

Miješanje boja Aditivno Dodaje svjetlost na tamnu podlogu Subtraktivno Pigmentima blokira bijelu svjetlost

Miješanje boja Primarne aditivne boje: Monitor Emituje svjetlo Crvena (Red) Zelena (Green) Plava (Blue) Monitor Emituje svjetlo Primarne subtraktivne boje: Plava (Cyan) Ljubičasta (Magenta) Žuta (Yellow) Printer Apsorbuje svjetlo

Miješanje boja RGB CMYK Red (crvena) Green (zelena) Blue (plava) Plava (Cyan) Ljubičasta (Magenta) Žuta (Yellow) Crna (blacK)

Miješanje boja HSB HLS Hue (nijansa) Saturation (zasićenost) Brightness (intenzitet) HLS Hue (nijansa) Ligthness (osvijetljenost) Saturation (zasićenost)

Osobine boja Hue (nijansa boje, tonalnost, ime spektralne boje, talasna dužina) Saturation (zasićenost - koliko je boju razrijedila bijela odnosno siva svjetlost) Brightness (intenzitet) Ligthness, Luminance (osvijetljenost) Contrast (kontrast – odnos tamno/svijetlo)

Osobine boja U prirodi boje nemaju samo jednu talasnu dužinu. Boja koju vidimo je najdominantnija u spektru Zasićenost predstavlja čistoću boje. Čišća boja ima uži spektar (manje drugih nijansi u spektru).

Gamut CIE (franc. Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage, engl. International Commission on Illumination) Dijagram kromatičnosti Definiše tri primarne hipotetske boje koje ne postoje i nisu vidljive, boja se označava s XYZ projekcija na XY ravninu daje dijagram kromatičnosti. Gamut je paleta boja koje mogu proizvesti uređaji Vidljivi spektar

Boja je važna! Crveni auti su brži od ostalih!