copyright 2006 Free template from brainybetty.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Have you ever considered that the cereal you eat is brought to you each morning by the wind? Or that the clear, cold, clean water drawn from your faucet may have been purified for you by a wetland? copyright 2006 Free template from brainybetty.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 12/4/2018

copyright 2006 Free template from brainybetty.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Trees in your front yard work to trap dust, dirt and harmful gases from the air you breathe. The medicine you take to ease a fever, or the achy muscles from a cold comes to you from Nature’s warehouse of services. copyright 2006 Free template from brainybetty.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 12/4/2018

Biodiversity Components of…

Biodiversity—Components Species Diversity Genetic Diversity Ecosystem Diversity Scientists will look at all these different factors to determine the biodiversity of an area. copyright 2006 Free template from brainybetty.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 12/4/2018

Lower Species Diversity Higher Species Diversity number of species in a given area. An island with 2 bird species and 1 lizard species is more diverse than an island with 3 bird species. It’s numbers of species as well as categories of organisms. http://www.ipgri.cgiar.org/themes/human/images/Vegetation_Cuba.jpg http://www.al.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/photo/for/mngt/pine_plantation2.jpg Lower Species Diversity Higher Species Diversity copyright 2006 Free template from brainybetty.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 12/4/2018

A few of the hundreds of rice varieties found in India. http://www.sagarprabhu.com/gif/rice5.gif Genetic diversity Variations of genes within a species. Lots of distinct populations within a species (lots of varieties of rice in India--all from same species) Genetic Variation within the population as a whole (high in Indian rhinos, low in cheetahs) A few of the hundreds of rice varieties found in India. Some genetic diversity in potatoes … http://www.potatoperspective.org/about_files/DSCN7746.jpg copyright 2006 Free template from brainybetty.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 12/4/2018

Coniferous Forest meeting a meadow Ecosystem diversity Variety of ecosystems within an area. Wisconsin has about 9 different ecosystems, other states only have about 3, some >14, etc. Very hard to measure due to overlapping boundary areas also called ecotones. http://cropandsoil.oregonstate.edu/HJA_mo/images/Lookout_meadow_vs_forest.jpg Coniferous Forest meeting a meadow http://www.naturalhomemagazine.com/backissues/02-01/living_color/beach.jpg Ocean meeting a beach copyright 2006 Free template from brainybetty.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 12/4/2018

Biodiversity Ecosystem Services

copyright 2006 Free template from brainybetty.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Ecosystem Services Moderating weather events… Lessen the effects of droughts and floods Protect streams/rivers and coastal shores from erosion copyright 2006 Free template from brainybetty.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 12/4/2018

copyright 2006 Free template from brainybetty.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Weather Events, egs Plant roots can help buffer shores from erosion, holding the soil in place. Large trees can shade the understory plants from the sun’s rays, helping them sustain a long period of drought. copyright 2006 Free template from brainybetty.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 12/4/2018

Flood protection—WORTH? Mississippi River Valley Humans drained the wetlands and altered stream channels. The wetlands have been controlling flooding for millennia. 1993 floods: 12.8 billion dollars Hurricane Katrina: 82.1 billion dollars copyright 2006 Free template from brainybetty.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 12/4/2018

copyright 2006 Free template from brainybetty.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Ecosystem Services Maintain Soil quality healthy bacteria, algae, fungi, mites, millipedes and worms help cycle nutrients copyright 2006 Free template from brainybetty.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 12/4/2018

copyright 2006 Free template from brainybetty.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Ecosystem Services Maintain Air quality plants purify the air and filter harmful particles out of the air copyright 2006 Free template from brainybetty.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 12/4/2018

copyright 2006 Free template from brainybetty.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Ecosystem Services Maintain Water quality variety of vegetation reduces erosion and purifies water by removing (using or absorbing) nutrients and pollution copyright 2006 Free template from brainybetty.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 12/4/2018

Ecosystem Services—WORTH? Water Purification When NYC had altered its ecosystem to eliminate the natural landscape, their water quality plummeted. It would have cost them 6-8 billion PLUS 300 million per year to install water treatment plants… They instead restored the ruined landscape at a cost of $660 million. copyright 2006 Free template from brainybetty.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 12/4/2018

copyright 2006 Free template from brainybetty.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Ecosystem Services Detoxify and decompose wastes Many geochemical cycles (water cycle, nitrogen cycle, carbon cycle) rely on microorganisms to decompose waste products to be used again copyright 2006 Free template from brainybetty.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 12/4/2018

Ecosystem Services Control agricultural pests Intercropping cocoa plants with coconut trees. Control agricultural pests most crop pests can be controlled by other organisms for a longer period of time – helpful because many pests become resistant to synthetic pesticides copyright 2006 Free template from brainybetty.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 12/4/2018

Ecosystem Services—WORTH? Pollination 1/3 of human food comes from plants pollinated by wild pollinators Over 100,000 different animals—including bats, bees, flies, moths, beetles, birds and butterflies—provide FREE pollination services This service would cost the US alone 4 – 6 billion dollars per year! copyright 2006 Free template from brainybetty.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 12/4/2018

copyright 2006 Free template from brainybetty.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Ecosystem Services Disperse seeds Many plants rely on the wind or animals to disperse their seeds. http://offthegridgirls.files.wordpress.com/2007/12/burdock.jpg http://www.ontariowildflower.com/images/scat_elk.jpg http://www.yallaroo.com.au/images/Seed_dispersal.JPG copyright 2006 Free template from brainybetty.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 12/4/2018

Ecosystem Services—WORTH? Medicines 80% of the world’s population relies upon natural medicinal products. Of the top 150 prescription drugs in the US, 118 originate from natural sources: 74% from plants 18% from fungi 9 of the top 10 drugs come from natural plant products copyright 2006 Free template from brainybetty.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 12/4/2018

Ecosystem Services—Threats Easy to take for granted, but human actions can limit or destroy these services Growth in the human enterprise (population, consumption of goods, effects of technologies) Looking to short term gain as opposed to long term health of society copyright 2006 Free template from brainybetty.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 12/4/2018

Ecosystem Services—Threats The HIPPO Dilemma H—Habitat destruction/fragmentation I—Invasive species P—Population growth of HUMANS P—Pollution O--Overconsumption copyright 2006 Free template from brainybetty.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 12/4/2018

Habitat Destruction/Fragmentation Changing a habitat to suit human needs…for housing, farming, etc. This displaces animals/plants. As the human population grows, so does habitat destruction! copyright 2006 Free template from brainybetty.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 12/4/2018

copyright 2006 Free template from brainybetty.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Fragmentation Breaking up large habitats into smaller habitats. Creates an “edge” habitat where “inner” habitat used to be. Some plants and animals cannot adapt to these changes. copyright 2006 Free template from brainybetty.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 12/4/2018

copyright 2006 Free template from brainybetty.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Invasive Species Oftentimes, invasive species out-compete native species resulting in disruption of the ecosystem and food chain. Many native organisms are becoming endangered by this! Any organism that has been relocated somewhere other than its original habitat. Synonyms include: Introduced species, non-native species, exotic species and alien species Zebra Mussel Asian Beetle copyright 2006 Free template from brainybetty.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 12/4/2018

Population growth of Humans Increasing population means greater demand for food, shelter, fuel and water. This often leads to habitat loss, pollution, resource scarcity and overconsumption (in areas with enough money) Humans are coming into greater (more frequent) contact with previously wild areas with high biodiversity http://www1.istockphoto.com/file_thumbview_approve/2222903/2/istockphoto_2222903_crowded_city.jpg http://www.chbr.noaa.gov/categories/stressors/images/pollution_sm.jpg copyright 2006 Free template from brainybetty.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 12/4/2018

copyright 2006 Free template from brainybetty.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Pollution Pollution can alter the habitat to the point where some plants and animals will not be able to adapt. Global Climate Change--many species are intolerant to changes in temperature--affects feeding relationships and breeding patterns. copyright 2006 Free template from brainybetty.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 12/4/2018

copyright 2006 Free template from brainybetty.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Pollution Acid rain/Air pollution-these types of issues do not respect borders. US acid rain fell in Canada destroying sugar maple forests which upset the amount/quality of maple syrup produced. Pesticide runoff—frequently pesticides will degrade an environment for most organisms in that ecosystem. copyright 2006 Free template from brainybetty.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 12/4/2018

copyright 2006 Free template from brainybetty.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Overconsumption Individuals consuming many more resources than are needed to survive – sometimes even more than is needed for a high standard of life Industrialized nations make up 25% of the world’s population, but use 75% of its resources. US makes up only 5% of world’s pop--causes 33% of world’s pollution! copyright 2006 Free template from brainybetty.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 12/4/2018

copyright 2006 Free template from brainybetty.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 12/4/2018