Fungi Chapter 21

Watch the Video on Fungi http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5_rprVa-RY4

What are Fungi? Eukaryotic heterotrophs that have cell walls made of chitin Digest food outside of their bodies and then absorb it Saprobes: another word for decomposer

Structure and Function Hyphae: thin filaments that is only one cell thick that make up fungi Mycelium: composed of many hyphae tangled together Fruiting body: reproductive structure growing from the soil beneath it

Reproduction Asexual reproduction: takes place when cells or hyphae break off from a fungus and begin to grow on their own Production of spores: Produced in structures called sporangia

Sexual Reproduction: Involves two different mating types “+” (plus) and “-” (minus) When hyphae of opposite mating types meet, they fuse together

Classification of Fungi The common molds: grow on meat, cheese, and bread Members of phylum Zygomycota Two different types of hyphae: Rhizoids: anchor the fungus to the bread, release digestive enzymes and absorb digested organic material Stolons: stemlike hyphae that run along the surface of the bread

The Sac Fungi: Members of the phylum Ascomycota Named for ascus, which the a reproductive structure that contains spores Largest phylum in Kingdom Fungi Yeasts: unicellular fungi

The Club Fungi: Phylum Basidiomycota Gets name from specialized reproductive structure that resembles a club Basidia: spore-bearing structure found on the gills that grow on the underside of mushroom caps Many more pictures on page 535

Edible and inedible mushrooms When properly cooked and prepared, domestic mushrooms are tasty and nutritious Wild mushrooms: some are edible, but most are poisonous The result of eating a poisonous mushroom can be severe illness or even death