LIVING OR NON-LIVING???
MUSHROOM
CAR
SEA CUCUMBER
PARAMECIUM
WHIPTAIL LIZARDS
COIN
AMOEBA
JELLYFISH
HIV VIRUS
LUNG FISH
WATER FALL
TORNADO
BUTTERFLY
EBOLLA VIRUS
VENUS FLY TRAP
YEAST
PITCHER PLANT
VOLCANO
BRAIN CORAL
SEA FAN
What makes something LIVING!?? HOW DID YOU DO??? What makes something LIVING!??
Biology: Exploring Life Chapter One Biology: Exploring Life
All forms of life have common features Made up of cells (Order; Complex organization) Regulation: maintain internal environment (homeostasis) Growth and development Use of Energy: take in energy and use it to perform life’s functions Response to the environment (stimuli) Evolution: species change over time Reproduction
Levels of Organization (Largest Smallest) Biosphere Ecosystem Community Population Organism Organ Systems Organs Tissues Cells Cell Organelles Molecules/Compounds Atoms
Levels of Organization (from most inclusive to least inclusive) Biosphere: All the environments on Earth that support life. Ecosystem: consists of all the organisms living in a particular area, as well as all the nonliving, physical components of the environment with which organisms interact, such as air soil, water, and sunlight. Community: the combination of all the different species (all living things) in an ecosystem.
Levels of Organization (cont’d) Population: an interacting group of individuals of one species. (Example: brown pelicans) Organism: an individual living thing. Organ System: several organs that work together. (Example: circulatory system, digestive) Organs: a group of tissues that work together. (Example: heart, kidney, ect.)
Levels of Organization (cont’d) Tissues: a group of similar cells that work to accomplish a specific function. (Example: heart tissue, muscle tissue, skin tissue, etc.) Cell: a unit of living matter separated from it’s environment by a boundary called a membrane. Organelle: structure that performs a specific task inside the cell. Molecule: a cluster of atoms held together by chemical bonds. Atom: the smallest particle of ordinary matter.
Scientists use 2 main approaches to learn nature 1) Discovery Science - describing nature Inductive reasoning: Develop general principles from a large number of observations 2) Hypothesis-Based Science - Proposing and testing hypotheses Hypothesis: a possible explanation; a proposed answer; an educated guess; Must be testable Deductive reasoning: “If-then” reasoning Proper hypothesis: If a Biology student doesn’t study for a test, then that student will fail. – NO I, me, my, we, our
Scientific Method Make observations Develop questions (identify a problem) Form a hypothesis to explain observations = Educated guess- statement, not question! Make predictions Test the hypothesis/predictions with an experiment Do the experiment, collect data and analyze the data and draw conclusions/ inferences Draw a conclusion (infer) based on observations and evidence Does the data support your hypothesis? If not, check your experiment or reject hypothesis – you may need a new hypothesis
Variable: a factor that can change Independent variable (manipulated variable): causes change in another variable (dependent variable Dependent variable (responding variable): changes in response to the independent variable Constant: a condition that does not change. Control group: a test system where all variables are identical to the experiment except the independent variable. Experimental group: contains the independent variable
Qualitative vs. Quantitative Data Quantitative – obsserved measurements (QUANTITY numerical form) Qualitative- physical observations (descriptive words)
Theory vs. Law Theory - A well tested explanation for a wide range of observations Supported by a large body of evidence Future evidence can cause a theory to change or be rejected Scientific Law – Rule of nature; describes an observed pattern in nature without attempting to explain it
Biology is connected to our lives in many ways Global warming, genetically engineered crops, endangered species, etc… Science Technology Society relationship is an important one