Specialized Cell Structures Biology Unit 04 Lesson 01 You will notice on each slide there is an “Analogy” bullet. With each class, discuss and choose analogies that are helpful to your particular group of students. Each student does not necessarily have to have the same analogy; it should be meaningful to them. Due to variations in graphics, you may wish to refer to the research materials your students used for graphics or use large diagrams/posters displayed in the classroom to point out the major structures.

Cell Wall Description: Rigid outer layer Outside of cell membrane Function: Support Protection Helps cell maintain its shape Analogy Allow the selected student/group to report first, then share the information on the slide with students. Make sure they know they can add to or modify information on their charts if needed.

Cell Membrane Description: Function: Analogy Outside covering of cell made of lipid bilayer Function: Barrier between cell and its environment Controls what substances can enter or leave the cell Provides support and protection, especially in cells without a cell wall Analogy Allow the selected student/group to report first, then share the information on the slide with students. Make sure they know they can add to or modify information on their charts if needed.

Ribosomes Description: Function: Analogy Made of protein and RNA Very small, spherical shaped Function: Make proteins Analogy Allow the selected student/group to report first, then share the information on the slide with students. Make sure they know they can add to or modify information on their charts if needed.

Cytoplasm Description: Function: Analogy Jelly-like substance that fills the cell and surrounds the organelles Function: Fills space between organelles Contains materials needed by the organelles Analogy Allow the selected student/group to report first, then share the information on the slide with students. Make sure they know they can add to or modify information on their charts if needed.

Flagella Description: Function: Analogy Long, thread-like extension of a cell Function: Helps cell move Analogy Allow the selected student/group to report first, then share the information on the slide with students. Make sure they know they can add to or modify information on their charts if needed.

Cilia Description: Short, hair-like projection on the cell surface Function: Used to sweep away things from the cell surface or help the cell move through fluid Analogy Allow the selected student/group to report first, then share the information on the slide with students. Make sure they know they can add to or modify information on their charts if needed.

Nucleus Description: Function: Analogy Core, central portion of cell Contains genetic information (DNA) Directs cell activities Analogy Allow the selected student/group to report first, then share the information on the slide with students. Make sure they know they can add to or modify information on their charts if needed.

Nuclear Membrane Description: Function: Analogy Double-layer membrane surrounding the nucleus Function: Separates nucleoplasm from cytoplasm Analogy Allow the selected student/group to report first, then share the information on the slide with students. Make sure they know they can add to or modify information on their charts if needed.

Nucleolus Description: Function: Analogy Round structure within nucleus Made of protein and RNA Function: Makes ribosomes Analogy Allow the selected student/group to report first, then share the information on the slide with students. Make sure they know they can add to or modify information on their charts if needed.

Chloroplast Description: Function: Analogy Oval or bean shaped structure with green color Function: Helps capture sunlight to produce food (energy) for plants Analogy Allow the selected student/group to report first, then share the information on the slide with students. Make sure they know they can add to or modify information on their charts if needed.

Golgi Apparatus Description: Flattened sacs called cisternae Function: Modifies and packages materials created in the cell for transport (inside or outside of the cell) Analogy Allow the selected student/group to report first, then share the information on the slide with students. Make sure they know they can add to or modify information on their charts if needed.

Lysosome Description: Small sacs Function: Use digestive enzymes to breakdown old/worn-out organelles, viruses or bacteria, and/or food particles Analogy Allow the selected student/group to report first, then share the information on the slide with students. Make sure they know they can add to or modify information on their charts if needed.

Mitochondrion Description: Function: Analogy Spherical or rod-shaped Inner and outer membranes Function: Converts sugars into ATP (energy) for the cell Analogy Allow the selected student/group to report first, then share the information on the slide with students. Make sure they know they can add to or modify information on their charts if needed.

Plastid Description: Function: Analogy Double-membrane bound organelle Involved in food storage; function depends mostly upon which pigments are present Analogy Allow the selected student/group to report first, then share the information on the slide with students. Make sure they know they can add to or modify information on their charts if needed.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Description: System of membranous tubes and sacs with ribosomes on the surface (making it appear rough) Function: Helps make and transport new proteins to Golgi apparatus or outside of the cell Analogy Allow the selected student/group to report first, then share the information on the slide with students. Make sure they know they can add to or modify information on their charts if needed.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Description: System of membranous tubes and sacs Function: Makes lipids Creates and stores steroids Stores ions that cells might need Metabolizes carbohydrates Analogy Allow the selected student/group to report first, then share the information on the slide with students. Make sure they know they can add to or modify information on their charts if needed.

Vacuole Description: Function: Analogy Sacs: smaller in animal cells, larger in plant cells Function: Store a variety of things such as water, nutrients, or waste products Analogy Allow the selected student/group to report first, then share the information on the slide with students. Make sure they know they can add to or modify information on their charts if needed.

Vesicle Description: Function: Analogy Small sacs Stores, transports, or digests materials within the cell Analogy Allow the selected student/group to report first, then share the information on the slide with students. Make sure they know they can add to or modify information on their charts if needed.