Key Area 2.6 Transport systems- animals

The Blood Learning Intention: describe the components of blood. describe the structure and function of red blood cells Success Criteria: state that in mammals the blood contains plasma, red blood cells and white blood cells. State that blood transports nutrients, oxygen and carbon dioxide. Describe how red blood cells are specialised for their function.

Starter

Starter C D E

Skills for life, learning and work: Literacy, Numeracy, HWB: I can make notes and organise them to develop my thinking, help retain and recall information, explore issues and create new texts, using my own words as appropriate. LIT 3-15a / LIT 4-15a Using what I know about the features of different types of texts, I can find, select, sort, summarise, link and use information from different sources. LIT 3-14a / LIT 4-14a   Skills for life, learning and work: Becoming confident in new biological terms Identifying information from video links Listening

Animal Transport In mammals the transport and exchange of nutrients and gases occurs through out the body. To allow this to occur the mammalian body has a complex network of transport pathways. The three main body systems we’ll focus on are the Circulatory, Respiratory and Digestive systems. Do you know what each of these systems do??

Circulatory system The circulatory system is made up of the heart, blood and blood vessels. Its purpose is to transport blood around the body.

Blood Composition Blood is made up of three main parts: plasma red blood cells white blood cells Plasma is the liquid part of blood that carries many substances such as nutrients and carbon dioxide.

The Blood The Blood

Red blood cells- The transport of oxygen Oxygen is carried by red blood cells by binding to a protein molecule called haemoglobin. This forms oxyhaemoglobin. Twig - Haemoglobin Copy diagram of the haemoglobin

Transport of oxygen The structure of a red blood cell aids its ability to carry oxygen. It has a biconcave shape increasing surface area. They have no nucleus so they can contain more haemoglobin and therefore able to carry more oxygen. This allows them to transfer oxygen more efficiently in the form of oxyhaemoglobin.

In the lungs: Oxygen + haemoglobin -> oxyhaemoglobin In the body cells: Oxyhaemoglobin -> oxygen + haemoglobin

Red blood cells Red blood cells

Exit task What substance is produced in the lungs when oxygen binds to a red blood cell?

The Blood Learning Intention: describe the components of the blood. Success Criteria: state that in mammals the blood contains plasma, red blood cells and white blood cells. State that blood transports nutrients, oxygen and carbon dioxide. Describe how red blood cells are specialised for their function.

Starter activity List the 3 components of the blood State how a red blood cell is adapted for its function. Red blood cells, white blood cells and plasma. Biconcave in shape, no nucleus and contain haemoglobin to carry oxygen.

White Blood Cells Learning Intention: to understand how white blood cells are part of the immune system Success Criteria: State that white blood cells are involved in destroying pathogens. State that there are two types of white blood cells- phagocytes and lymphocytes. State that phagocytes carry out phagocytosis by engulfing pathogens. Some lymphocytes produce antibodies which destroy pathogens. State that each antibody is specific to a particular pathogen.

Skills for life, learning and work: Literacy, Numeracy, HWB: I make full use of and value the opportunities I am given to improve and manage my learning and, in turn, I can help to encourage learning and confidence in others. HWB 3-11a / HWB 4-11a I am aware of the need to respect personal space and boundaries and can recognise and respond appropriately to verbal and non-verbal communication. HWB 3-45b / HWB 4-45b   Skills for life, learning and work: Becoming confident in new biological terms Identifying information from video links Interpersonal and communication skills Creativity Listening

Right’s Respecting School: UN Convention of the Right’s of a Child Article 17: Every child has the right to reliable information from the media. This should be information that children can understand. Governments must help protect children from materials that could harm them. Research hwk- causes and types of diabetes, what it is etc.

White blood cells White blood cells are part of the immune system and are involved in destroying pathogens (disease causing organisms). There are two main types of white blood cells: Lymphocytes Phagocytes

White blood cells White blood cells

Phagocytes

Phagocytes Phagocytes carry out phagocytosis by engulfing pathogens. This destroys the pathogen by digesting it with enzymes. They are not specific to any particular pathogen.

Lymphocytes

Lymphocytes Some lymphocytes produce antibodies which destroy pathogens. Each antibody is specific to a particular pathogen.

Matching pathogens and antibodies

Lymphocytes- memory cells Lymphocytes will remember how to produce antibodies for each different pathogen. This means that if someone ever is under attack by the same pathogen again, they will remember how to make the antibodies and will build up an army of lymphocytes very quickly.

Describe what is going on in this graph and explain why.

The first exposure to an antigen will take the lymphocyte some time to produce fewer antibodies. The lymphocytes will make a lot more antibodies very quickly on the second exposure to the antigen.

Activity Using the success criteria below, in small groups and on a large show me board demonstrate the main stages of phagocytosis and antibody production. Success criteria: You must show all of the stage in phagocytosis and give a clear explanation of what is happening. You must give a clear description of what is happening during the production of antibodies. Words to include in your descriptions: Lymphocyte, phagocyte, pathogen, engulf, digest, antibodies, antigens Now complete the worksheet to describe the stages of how phagocytes and lymphocytes destroy pathogens.

Right’s Respecting School: UN Convention of the Right’s of a Child Article 15: Every child has the right to meet with other children and to join groups and organisations, as long as this doesn’t stop other people from enjoying their rights. Research hwk- causes and types of diabetes, what it is etc.

Phagocyte moves towards the pathogen Phagocytes Engulf Microbes 1. Description Phagocyte moves towards the pathogen 2. Description Phagocyte flows around/ engulfs the pathogen 4. Description Pathogen is destroyed. Its components are used or disposed of by the cell 3. Description Phagocyte makes enzymes which “digest”the pathogen

Lymphocytes make Antibodies Description Lymphocyte moves toward the pathogen Diagram Description Lymphocyte produces antibodies specific to pathogen Diagram

Lymphocytes make Antibodies Description Antibodies attach to antigens on the surface of pathogen Diagram Description Pathogen is destroyed Diagram

Complete the table to compare phagocytes and lymphocytes

Phagocytes Lymphocytes Complete the table to compare phagocytes and lymphocytes Phagocytes Lymphocytes Not specific Specific Engulfs pathogen and digest with enzymes Makes antibodies to match antigens on pathogens Does not have a memory Has a memory to remember pathogens

Exit task On a post it note write down the names of both of the types of white blood cells. List as many facts as you can about these. Function of each can be discussed. Make brief note on coronary arteries supplying the heart with O2 and Nutrients for respiration as its always working.

White Blood Cells Learning Intention: to understand how white blood cells are part of the immune system Success Criteria: State that white blood cells are involved in destroying pathogens. State that there are two types of white blood cells- phagocytes and lymphocytes. State that phagocytes carry out phagocytosis by engulfing pathogens. Some lymphocytes produce antibodies which destroy pathogens. State that each antibody is specific to a particular pathogen.

Starter activity On a show me board, write down the function of the heart. To pump blood around the body.

The Heart Learning Intention: to understand the role of the heart and label a diagram of all the main heart structures. Success Criteria: Describe the pathway of blood though the heart, lungs and body. Label a diagram of the heart, including the valves and main blood vessels. State the function of these parts.

Skills for life, learning and work: Literacy, Numeracy, HWB: I make full use of and value the opportunities I am given to improve and manage my learning and, in turn, I can help to encourage learning and confidence in others. HWB 3-11a / HWB 4-11a I am aware of the need to respect personal space and boundaries and can recognise and respond appropriately to verbal and non-verbal communication. HWB 3-45b / HWB 4-45b   Skills for life, learning and work: Becoming confident in new biological terms Identifying information from video links Interpersonal and communication skills Creativity

Heart structure The heart is made up of four chambers separated by valves. These are the right and left, Atria and Ventricles. The right hand side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood while the left side pumps oxygenated blood. The left ventricle is thicker than the right ventricle as it has to pump blood all around the body. The right ventricle just has to pump blood to the lungs. Lungs Body

The Heart

The Heart Aorta Vena cava Pulmonary artery Pulmonary vein Right atrium Left atrium Valve Valve Valve Valve Left ventricle Right ventricle

The Heart The Heart

Pathway of blood The pathway of blood through the heart, lungs and body follows the path shown in the diagram opposite. You should be able to start at any point and name the chambers and blood vessels that the blood travels through.

Pathway of blood Lungs Body Pulmonary Artery Vena cava R. Atrium R. Ventricle Lungs Body Pulmonary Vein Blood vessels in italics. Copy out pathway Aorta L. Ventricle L. Atrium

The structure of the heart- class activity You are now going to act as blood and move through the chambers of the heart and the 4 main blood vessels. You will collect a red piece of card when you are oxygenated blood and a blue piece of card when you are deoxygenated blood. (Teacher note: can be ordered from the technician)

Right’s Respecting School: UN Convention of the Right’s of a Child Article 15: Every child has the right to meet with other children and to join groups and organisations, as long as this doesn’t stop other people from enjoying their rights. Research hwk- causes and types of diabetes, what it is etc.

Heart Circulation – Ordering Task Task: Cut out the statements and put them into the correct order. Ask your teacher to check before gluing into your notebook.

Answers Blood arrives from the body in a vein called the vena cava. This blood is deoxygenated and enters the right atrium. The right atrium then contracts. This pushes the blood through the tricuspid valve and into the right ventricle. The right ventricle then contracts. This pushes the blood through the pulmonary valve and out through the pulmonary artery to the lungs. Blood arrives back from the lungs in a vein called the pulmonary vein. This blood is oxygenated and enters the left atrium.   The left atrium then contracts. This pushes the blood through the mitral valve and into the left ventricle. The left ventricle then contracts. This pushes the blood through the aortic valve and out through the aorta to the body.

Coronary arteries The heart muscle itself needs a constant supply of oxygen. The heart muscle is supplied with blood by the coronary arteries. These are the arteries that get blocked when someone has a heart attack. Coronary artery

Heart Dissection Pig heart dissection- Heart Dissection Dissection done using lambs heart more likely.

The Heart Learning Intention: to understand the role of the heart and label a diagram of all the main heart structures. Success Criteria: Describe the pathway of blood though the heart, lungs and body. Label a diagram of the heart, including the valves and main blood vessels. State the function of these parts.

Starter How many chambers does the heart have? What is the function of the heart? 3. Which ventricle is the thickest and why? 4. Which side of the heart is high in oxygen? 5. Give the name of the main artery leaving the heart.

Starter 1. How many chambers does the heart have? 4 2.What is the function of the heart? To pump blood around the body 3. Which ventricle is the thickest and why? The left, as it has to pump blood all around the body 4. Which side of the heart is high in oxygen? The left side 5. Give the name of the main artery leaving the heart. Aorta

Blood vessels Learning Intention: to understand the structure and function of the 3 types of blood vessels. Success Criteria: Name the 3 types of blood vessels. Describe the structure and the function of the 3 types of blood vessels.

Skills for life, learning and work: Literacy, Numeracy, HWB: I can make notes and organise them to develop my thinking, help retain and recall information, explore issues and create new texts, using my own words as appropriate. LIT 3-15a / LIT 4-15a When I engage with others I can make a relevant contribution, ensure that everyone has an opportunity to contribute and encourage them to take account of others’ points of view or alternative solutions. LIT 4-02a   Skills for life, learning and work: Becoming confident in new biological terms Describe scientific terms in your own words Interpersonal skills

Blood vessels There are three types of blood vessel found in the body. Arteries- carry blood Away from the heart. Veins- carry blood INto the heart. Capillaries- Connect arteries and veins. The main arteries and veins connected to the heart are the Aorta, Vena Cava, Pulmonary Arteries and Veins and the Coronary Arteries Function of each can be discussed. Make brief note on coronary arteries supplying the heart with O2 and Nutrients for respiration as its always working.

Structure Artery Vein Capillary Type of blood vessel Thick, muscular walls, a narrow central channel and carry blood under high pressure away from the heart. Vein Thinner walls, wider channel and carry blood under lower pressure back towards the heart. Contain valves to prevent the backflow of blood. Capillary Thin walled and have a large surface area, forming networks at tissues and organs to allow efficient exchange of materials

Arteries, veins and capillaries

Exit task

Exit task To stop backflow of blood. P M

Taboo! Task: Create 5 Taboo! Cards from this key area, for another team to use. Artery Away Blood Vein Word you have to get your team to guess Words you are not allowed to say

Blood vessels Learning Intention: to understand the structure and function of the 3 types of blood vessels. Success Criteria: Name the 3 types of blood vessels. Describe the structure and the function of the 3 types of blood vessels.

Multicellular Organisms N5 Key Area 6 Past Paper Practice National 5 Multicellular Organisms N5 Key Area 6

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7 Vein Artery They have thinnest/thinner wall(s)

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11 Oxygen/nutrients/glucose/amino acids Reduce/stop smoking Reduce fat in diet/cholesterol in diet/salt intake/sugar intake/ alcohol intake/stress Lose weight/healthier diet/ healthier eating

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13 Comparison of: Thickness of walls Muscularity of walls Presence and absence of valves Size of channel for blood flow Carries oxygen