Lesson 1 Early Foreign Policy

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By the end of this week, everybody will be able to… Link to the key themes: How did relations with foreign powers change and how was the succession secured? DESCRIBE Europe in 1845 EXPLAIN HVII’s early foreign policy (1485-1502) EVALUATE how successful HVII’s early foreign policy was

Europe in 1485 You have been given a sheet, that explains the position of different European countries in 1485. Work on your tables to ensure everyone has memorised this information! There is going to be a competition shortly… Other ideas on how to memorise: Divide the countries up and teach each other Reformat the information Grab a whiteboard and quiz each other Highlight key information Draw images to remember key information DESCRIBE Europe in 1845 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0nFkQ4cQhME

IRELAND SPAIN ITALY FRANCE BRITTANNY ENGLAND SCOTLAND BURGUNDY HRE DESCRIBE Europe in 1845

HVII’s aims in Foreign Policy PROBLEMS HVII’s legal status as King was insecure. There were other claimants to the throne HVII lacks money Imagine you are HVII, write a short letter to your Court, explaining what your aims in foreign policy, based on these two problems AIMS Gain acceptance of his right to rule from other monarchs Why this was important: Rivals might seek shelter/assistance from other countries. Recognition might give him more credibility Put up problems, get them to Do not intervene on the continent i.e. avoid costly and potentially dangerous foreign entanglements

ITALY IRELAND SPAIN FRANCE BRITTANNY SCOTLAND BURGUNDY HRE Considering his foreign policy objectives, which countries would be most important for Henry? ITALY IRELAND SPAIN FRANCE BRITTANNY SCOTLAND Move countries around into an order/shape i.e. some can be on the same line (Ask Alan how he did it with an earlier topic) BURGUNDY HRE DESCRIBE Europe in 1845

Foreign Policy: A government's strategy in dealing with other nations. You are going to create a TripAdvisor page, which summarises and evaluates HVII’s early foreign policy. You need to write a quick review of the policy HVII undertook for the relevant countries Then you must rate the policy out of 5, based on how successful it was in meeting HVII’s aims in foreign policy. Use pp.28-30 Include: SPAIN: Treaty Medina del Campo (1489) ENGLAND: Navigation Acts (1485-86) ENGLAND: An Act (1489) ITALY: Florence/Venice (1490) BURGUNDY: Intercursus Magnus (1496) I will go over: BRITTANY/FRANCE: Breton Crisis (1488-92) SCOTLAND: Truce of Ayton (1497)

Breton Crisis 1488-1892 France had plans to take over Brittany (expansionist f.policy) Brittany had provided HVII hospitality whilst he was in exile France gave Henry financial assistance in 1485 = compromised! Hundreds of volunteers under Lord Scales sent into Brittany HVII acted as a mediator between the two courts. Breton’s refused to listen, so Henry disowned Scales Brittany are defeated at the battle of St. Aubin du Cormier. Duke of Brittany died - daughter (12) took over. France claim custody Henry in awkward position (take over = France more powerful, invasion base, disrupt trade) HVII: T.of.Medina del Campo and renewed a treaty with Maximillian T.of.Redon 1489: Brittany pay the cost of 6000 men & HVII send them Initial success at Dixmunde but… Maximillian: unreliable (concerned with empire) Spain: sent 2000 but recalled (Moors of Granada) 1491 Anne marries King Charles of France France received the pretender Warbeck HVII sent 26,000 men into Brittany Treaty of Etaples 1492: Henry takes troops out of Brittany, and France stop supporting Warbeck and give HVII 745,000 crowns (50,000 pa)

Truce of Ayton 1497 Henry & James IV made a truce when HVII came to the throne But… James IV took in Warbeck – invasion came to nothing At the same time there was a rebellion in Cornwall James IV = losing faith in Warbeck and did not take advantage Truce of Ayton came into full force when Warbeck was executed Such an agreement had not been reached since 1328 Treaty sealed by the marriage of James to Margaret (daughter) But, Scotland did not abandon their ancient pact with France This meant that peace depended on the continuation of good relations between England and France

How successful was HVII’s early foreign policy? Total failure Total success How successful was HVII’s early foreign policy?

Security To what extent were Henry’s relations with foreign powers determined by the need for international recognition and security. International recognition Trade Avoiding foreign entanglement Securing the dynasty

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