Discovering Psychology Special Update For DSM-5 Don H. Hockenbury and Sandra E. Hockenbury Discovering Psychology Sixth Edition Special Update For DSM-5 Chapter 9 Lifespan Development Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

Table 9.1 Major Stages of the Lifespan Don H. Hockenbury and Sandra E. Hockenbury: Discovering Psychology, Sixth Edition – Special Update For DSM-5 Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

Figure 9.1 Chromosomes, Genes, and DNA Each chromosome contains thousands of genes, and each gene is a unit of DNA instructions. Incredibly fine, the strands of DNA in a single human cell would be more than three inches long if unraveled. If the DNA present in one person were unraveled, it would stretch from Earth to Pluto and back—twice! Figure 9.1 Chromosomes, Genes, and DNA Don H. Hockenbury and Sandra E. Hockenbury: Discovering Psychology, Sixth Edition – Special Update For DSM-5 Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

Figure 9.2 The Sequence of Fetal Brain Development The human brain begins as a fluid-filled neural tube at about three weeks after conception. The hindbrain structures are the first to develop, followed by midbrain structures. The forebrain structures develop last, eventually coming to surround and envelop the hindbrain and midbrain structures. Figure 9.2 The Sequence of Fetal Brain Development Don H. Hockenbury and Sandra E. Hockenbury: Discovering Psychology, Sixth Edition – Special Update For DSM-5 Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

Figure 9.3 Milestones in Infant Motor Development Each bar in the graph shows the typical range of ages for acquiring a particular motor skill during infancy. Given the wide range of individual variation, can you see how simple statistical averages may be misleading? Figure 9.3 Milestones in Infant Motor Development Don H. Hockenbury and Sandra E. Hockenbury: Discovering Psychology, Sixth Edition – Special Update For DSM-5 Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

Table 9.2 Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development Don H. Hockenbury and Sandra E. Hockenbury: Discovering Psychology, Sixth Edition – Special Update For DSM-5 Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

Figure 9.4 Testing Object Permanence in Babies How can you test object permanence in infants who are too young to reach for a hidden object? Three-and-a-half-month-old infants initially watched a possible event: The short carrot passes from one side of the panel to the other without appearing in the window. In the impossible event, the tall carrot does the same. Because the infants are surprised and look longer at the impossible event, Baillargeon and DeVos (1991) concluded that the infants had formed a mental representation of the existence, height, and path of each carrot as it moved behind the panel—the essence of object permanence (Baillargeon, 2004). Figure 9.4 Testing Object Permanence in Babies Don H. Hockenbury and Sandra E. Hockenbury: Discovering Psychology, Sixth Edition – Special Update For DSM-5 Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

Table 9.3 The Typical Sequence of Puberty Don H. Hockenbury and Sandra E. Hockenbury: Discovering Psychology, Sixth Edition – Special Update For DSM-5 Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

Table 9.4 Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development Don H. Hockenbury and Sandra E. Hockenbury: Discovering Psychology, Sixth Edition – Special Update For DSM-5 Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

Table 9.5 Kohlberg’s Levels and Stages of Moral Development Don H. Hockenbury and Sandra E. Hockenbury: Discovering Psychology, Sixth Edition – Special Update For DSM-5 Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

Figure 9.5 The Median Age at First Marriage The average age at first marriage is five years older for young adults today than it was in the 1970s. Part of the explanation for this trend is that more people are postponing marriage in order to complete a college education. Among young adults in the 25 to 34 age range, 26 percent of men and 33 percent of women have earned a bachelor’s degree or higher. Figure 9.5 The Median Age at First Marriage Don H. Hockenbury and Sandra E. Hockenbury: Discovering Psychology, Sixth Edition – Special Update For DSM-5 Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

Figure 9.6 The Changing Structure of American Families and Households In a relatively short time, American households have undergone a metamorphosis. Between 1970 and 2007, the number of American households increased from 63 million to 116 million, but the average household size decreased from 3.14 to 2.56 persons. As the living arrangements of American families have become more diversified, the U.S. Census Bureau modified the categories it uses to classify households. Hence, the two pie charts differ slightly. Notice that single-parent family groups have doubled. Today, single mothers or fathers represent 9 percent of all households. In contrast, the number of married couples with children has sharply decreased. Figure 9.6 The Changing Structure of American Families and Households Don H. Hockenbury and Sandra E. Hockenbury: Discovering Psychology, Sixth Edition – Special Update For DSM-5 Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

Photo Credits Slide 5: Bubbles Photolibrary / Alamy Image Source/Getty Images Brand X Pictures / Punchstock Katie Moss/jupiterimages JUPITERIMAGES/ BananaStock / Alamy