Contrasting alterations of apposed and unapposed articular cartilage during joint contracture formation Guy Trudel, MD, Ko Himori, MD, Hans K. Uhthoff,

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Contrasting alterations of apposed and unapposed articular cartilage during joint contracture formation Guy Trudel, MD, Ko Himori, MD, Hans K. Uhthoff, MD Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Volume 86, Issue 1, Pages 90-97 (January 2005) DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2004.01.029

Fig 1 Cartilage measurement sites: femur apposed site (FA): area of the femoral condyle located at 135° from its longitudinal axis contacting with the tibia; tibia apposed site (TA): middistance (50%) between the anterior and posterior edge of the tibial articular cartilage; femur unapposed site (FU): 1.5mm anterior to the femoral apposed surface; and tibia unapposed site (TU): 20% posterior from the anterior tibial edge. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2005 86, 90-97DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2004.01.029)

Fig 2 Microphotograph showing subchondral bone invasion into cartilage at 16 weeks of the immobilized knee for unapposed site of tibia. Vascularized subchondal bone replaced cartilage. Abbreviations: IA, intraarticular space; B, bone; C, cartilage; SCB, subchondral bone. Goldner trichrome, ×66. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2005 86, 90-97DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2004.01.029)

Fig 3 Matrix staining to toluidine blue at unapposed site (superficial and deep layer). Immobilized cartilage, superficial and deep, showed less staining than sham-operated. ∗Significant differences between immobilized and sham-operated knees, P<.05; †significant differences between immobilized or sham-operated and nonoperated knees, P<.05. Error bars correspond to 1 SEM. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2005 86, 90-97DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2004.01.029)

Fig 4 Microphotograph showing surface irregularity of the tibia unapposed site at 32 weeks of the immobilized knee. Safranin-O, iron hematoxylin, and light green, ×33. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2005 86, 90-97DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2004.01.029)

Fig 5 Surface irregularity of immobilized knees increased compared with the sham-operated and nonoperated knees at both apposed and unapposed sites. ∗Significant differences between immobilized and sham-operated knees, P<.05; †significant differences between immobilized and nonoperated knees, P<.05. Error bars correspond to 1 SEM. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2005 86, 90-97DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2004.01.029)