Vasorelaxation Induced by New Third-Generation Dihydropyridine Calcium Antagonist Azelnidipine in Human Internal Mammary Artery Ge Gao, MD, PhD, Xiao-Cheng.

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Vasorelaxation Induced by New Third-Generation Dihydropyridine Calcium Antagonist Azelnidipine in Human Internal Mammary Artery Ge Gao, MD, PhD, Xiao-Cheng Liu, MD, Wen-Bin Jing, MD, Qin Yang, MD, PhD, Guo-Wei He, MD, PhD The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Volume 96, Issue 4, Pages 1316-1321 (October 2013) DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2013.05.020 Copyright © 2013 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Mean concentration (−log M) relaxation curves for amlodipine (triangles) and azelnidipine (circles) in potassium chloride (KCl [20 mM]) and U46619 (−8 log M) induced contraction in human internal mammary artery (n = 8 in each group). Values are expressed as mean ± SEM. (A) Comparison between amlodipine and azelnidipine, p greater than 0.05 two-way analysis of variance; comparisons in EC50, p greater than 0.05 unpaired t test. (B) Comparison between amlodipine and azelnidipine, p less than 0.01 two-way analysis of variance; comparisons in EC50, p less than 0.01 unpaired t test. (EC50 = effective concentration causing 50% of maximal response.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2013 96, 1316-1321DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2013.05.020) Copyright © 2013 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Mean concentration (−log M) contraction (mN) curves for (A) potassium chloride (KCl) and (B) U46619 when azelnidipine −7.1 log M (squares), −6.1 log M (diamonds), or vehicle (triangles) were added 30 minutes before the contraction started in the human internal mammary artery rings (n = 6 in each group). Three rings from an internal mammary artery segment taken from the same patient were allocated into each group. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM. (∗p < 0.05 or ∗∗p < 0.01, compared with the control [vehicle], two-way analysis of variance.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2013 96, 1316-1321DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2013.05.020) Copyright © 2013 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions