Proteomics, oxidative stress and male infertility

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Proteomics, oxidative stress and male infertility Ashok Agarwal, Damayanthi Durairajanayagam, Jacques Halabi, Jason Peng, Monica Vazquez-Levin  Reproductive BioMedicine Online  Volume 29, Issue 1, Pages 32-58 (July 2014) DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2014.02.013 Copyright © 2014 Reproductive Healthcare Ltd. Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Primary, secondary and tertiary forms of ROS and different types of free radicals. Reproductive BioMedicine Online 2014 29, 32-58DOI: (10.1016/j.rbmo.2014.02.013) Copyright © 2014 Reproductive Healthcare Ltd. Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Model of the build up of oxidative stress in the semen. The model highlights the imbalance caused by accumulating ROS and depleting antioxidant, which brings about a state of oxidative stress. Various lifestyle and environmental factors along with testicular and seminal sources cause the generation of ROS. Antioxidants comprise both enzymatic and non-enzymatic types. Reproductive BioMedicine Online 2014 29, 32-58DOI: (10.1016/j.rbmo.2014.02.013) Copyright © 2014 Reproductive Healthcare Ltd. Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Overview of the general methods used for protein isolation and identification in seminal plasma and spermatozoa. Levels of oxidative stress (OS) in the semen sample are determined by measuring the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or the total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Protein separation can be performed using either 2D gel electrophoresis (2D-GE) or 2D differential in-gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE). Next, protein identification can be done using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) or matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) method. Isolated proteins are identified using tandem MS data analysis programs such as MASCOT or SEQUEST. Proteins of interest can be validated using Western blotting. Based on spectral counts, protein expression is quantified. Protein lists are generated and analysed using bioinformatics. Gene ontology (GO) is then used to determine the specific gene function in cellular pathways. Reproductive BioMedicine Online 2014 29, 32-58DOI: (10.1016/j.rbmo.2014.02.013) Copyright © 2014 Reproductive Healthcare Ltd. Terms and Conditions