The molecule of heredity DNA The molecule of heredity

__________ = passing on of characteristics from parents to offspring How? . . . _____ HEREDITY DNA!

DNA

I. DNA, Chromosomes, Chromatin and Genes ______ = blueprint of life (has the instructions for making an organism) ___________ = uncoiled DNA ______________ = coiled DNA Chromatin Chromosome

46 You have ___ chromosomes or ___ pairs in the ________ of each body cell. _____ from Mom and _____ from Dad 23 nucleus 23 23

Gene _______ = a segment of DNA that codes for a protein, which in turn codes for a trait (skin tone, eye color, etc); a gene is a stretch of DNA. There is a gene for every protein your body has to make.

Deoxyribonucleic Acid Located in the ___________________ II. DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid Located in the ___________________ Codes for your _______ _____________ discovered DNA in 1928 nucleus of the cell genes Frank Griffith

A. Shape and Structure Nitrogen bases DNA nucleotide components: 1. _____________ (simple sugar) 2. ___________ _______ 3. _______________ (A,T,C,G) Deoxyribose Phosphate group Nitrogen bases

Shaped similar to a twisted ladder . . . therefore . . . ____________ ! The uprights of this ladder are composed of ____________ and ___________________ double helix phosphates deoxyribose sugar

DNA The rungs are composed of 2 bases (a purine and pyrimidine) joined at the center by weak __________ bonds. hydrogen

DNA _________ = adenine (A) and guanine (G) _____________ = thymine (T) and cytosine (C) Purines Pyrimidines

B. Base Pairing 1950’s: __Chargaff___discovered that A always bonds with T and C bonds with G in equal amounts.. Known as Chargaff’s Rules of Base Pairing.

DNA _________ and _________ are complementary. They both require ___ hydrogen bonds. __________ and _________ are complementary. They both require ___ hydrogen bonds. Adenine thymine 2 Cytosine guanine 3

__________ of bases determines the genetic information and is unique to each organism. If the organisms are closely related the more _______ the DNA nucleotide sequence will be. Sequence alike

The rungs of the ladder can occur in any order (as long as the ______________ is followed). If the order of base pairs in a DNA molecule is changed what might occur? base-pair rule MUTATIONS!

DNA is made of a ________ strand of nucleotides. The DNA from each side is ________________ to the other side. double complementary

If you know the sequence of one side you can determine the sequence of the other side.

What is the complementary strand to this DNA molecule? A A T C G T A C C G A T T T A G C A T G G C T A