The Scientific Revolution

The Scientific Revolution Invention of Scientific Method New approach for developing & applying knowledge Logical procedure for testing ideas Procedure begins with a problem Unproved assumption-hypothesis Gather data - Test Analyze and interpret data - Conclusion and validate

Inductive method Use experience & observation to draw conclusions Go from specific to general theories Bacon said meaningful insight came from direct experience Went against church view (Plato & St. Augustine)- physical world served spiritual goals Francis Bacon 1561

Deductive Method Use general theories and apply to specifics Descartes - invented analytic geometry Check all assumptions before concluding Challenged church- denied church burial Rene Descartes 1596-1650

Nicolaus Copernicus (b. 1473) Previous thinking geocentric (earth-centered) Ptolemy - earth center of universe Copernicus defined heliocentric (sun centered) Wrote Revolutions of Heavenly Bodies First new view of the universe Based on logic, not direct observation

Tycho Brahe (1546-1601) Danish Astronomer Recorded movements of each planet Tried to prove the old system right Developed a chart of celestial positioning- mound of evidence I really gotta go!

Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) Organized Brahe’s data concluded orbits were elliptical Proved heliocentric theory Proposed 3 laws of planetary motion Planets revolve in elliptical pattern Planets move rapidly closer to the sun Orbit time varies with distance to sun

Galileo (1564-1642) Renaissance man - artist, physicist, astronomer businessman Gave up medicine to study math Discovered law of pendulum Studies motion at Pisa Falling objects accelerates at fixed and predictable rate Theory of motion and inertia

Galileo Cont’d Found opera glasses and made telescope Made $ by selling to navigators As an artist, drew pictures of moon Starry Messenger Key that was eventually to unlock the riddle of the universe

Vesalius and Harvey Microscope, Thermometer, Barometer Studied the human body Drawings showed muscles, bones, organs Heart is the pump to circulate blood Microscope, Thermometer, Barometer