Heredity and Genetics

Heredity and Genetics I Can Describe the relationship among genes, chromosomes, and inherited traits.

Key Vocabulary

The inheritance of traits from parents to offspring HEREDITY The inheritance of traits from parents to offspring

GENETICS the study of heredity

A characteristic that distinguishes one individual from another. TRAIT A characteristic that distinguishes one individual from another.

BrainPOP https://www.brainpop.com/science/cellularlifeandgenetics/genetics/

Gregor Mendel Considered the “father of genetics” An Austrian monk with a love of science Experimented with garden peas- studying traits such as plant height, pea color, pea shape, flower color Began his experiments in 1856 Experimented for 8 years on thousands of plants His work was forgotten until other scientists confirmed his findings in 1900

Alleles The different forms of a trait that a gene may have Examples in pea plants include: Short or tall plant Red or white flowers Green or yellow peas

are different forms of a gene. is a part of a chromosome that determines a trait. CHROMOSOME ALLELE ALLELES are different forms of a gene. ALLELE

Alleles Alleles can be DOMINANT: meaning they cover up (dominate) other alleles; or they can be recessive: meaning they can be covered up or seem to disappear The different alleles are shown by CAPITAL (DOMINANT) or lowercase (recessive) letters

Alleles How do you determine which allele is dominant to begin with??? For the recessive allele or form of a trait to be seen, the genotype MUST be a pure (homozygous) recessive (tt) The dominant form will show in either pure (homozygous) dominant OR heterozygous (mixed) (TT or Tt)

Alleles If the alleles are the same they are called homozygous. (also known as purebred) Example: TT or tt If the alleles are different they are called heterozygous. (also known as hybrid ) Example: Tt

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