3.2 Energy, Producers, and Consumers All organisms need energy No organism can create energy - it can only use energy from other sources. Organisms need energy for growth, reproduction, and metabolic processes. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o_RBHfjZsUQ

Sunlight is the energy source for most life on Earth Photosynthesis captures light energy for chemical reactions that convert CO2 and H2O into O2 and C6H12O6 (carbohydrates). This process adds oxygen to the atmosphere and removes carbon dioxide. Primary producers (Autotrophs) produce of energy-rich compounds that are used by other organisms. Examples: plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria, most commonly cyanobacteria START

Primary producers store energy in forms that make it available to other organisms that eat them, and are therefore essential to the flow of energy through the biosphere. plants obtain energy from sunlight and turn it into nutrients that can be eaten and used for energy by animals such as a caterpillar.

chemosynthesis: the use of chemical energy to produce carbohydrates. Life Without Light: some organisms use chemical energy stored in inorganic chemical compounds for energy like ecosystems around volcanic vents in darkness on the ocean floor. Deep-sea ecosystems depend on primary producers that harness chemical energy from inorganic molecules such as hydrogen sulfide. chemosynthesis: the use of chemical energy to produce carbohydrates. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D69hGvCsWgA

Consumers (Heterotrophs): organisms that eat other organisms for energy and nutrients.

Consumers Types: classified by the ways in which they acquire energy and nutrients. Carnivores kill and eat other animals (snakes, dogs, cats, and this giant river otter.)

Herbivores: obtain energy and nutrients by eating plant (producers) leaves, roots, seeds, or fruits. (cows, caterpillars, & deer...) Omnivores: animals whose diets naturally include a variety of different foods that usually include both plants and animals. (Humans, bears, and pigs)

Draw this:) Bellwork:Mon. May 2, 2016 A new species that eats only mice becomes part of this food web, greatly reducing the number of mice in this area - which of the following would decrease? Assume that the number of foxes stays the same and that no other organisms leave or enter the area. would: the number of robins and mice would decrease? the amount of grass and mice would decrease? the number of caterpillars and mice would decrease? only the number of mice would decrease?

Scavengers: animals that consume the carcasses of other animals that have been killed by predators or have died of other causes. (vultures, hyenas)

Decomposers: feed by chemically breaking down organic matter Decomposers: feed by chemically breaking down organic matter. Decay caused by decomposers produces detritus (small pieces of dead and decaying plant and animal remains). Ex: bacteria and fungi.

Detritivores: feed on detritus particles chewing or grinding them into smaller pieces. Detritivores commonly digest decomposers that live on, and in, detritus particles. Ex: like giant earthworms

But… Nature is more complex and organisms often don’t stay inside the categories we put them in. some carnivores will scavenge if they get the chance – like coyotes – which will even eat plants sometimes Many aquatic animals eat a mixture of algae, bits of animal carcasses, and detritus particles.

Go to Power Point “Ch3 Ecology 3”

List the levels of Organization of life from biggest to smallest 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

More Final practice   Students are growing plants from seeds to find out which temperature, 16°C or 35°C, is better, AND if one or two cups of water is better for growing these plants. They do the experiment using two trays with identical soil and ten seeds. They keep Tray X at 35°C and Tray Y at 16°C. They use two cups of water for Tray X and one cup of water for Tray Y. After a few days, they count how many plants are growing in each tray. What can the students conclude from this experiment? That 16°C is better than 35°C for growing these plants. That one cup of water is better than two cups of water for growing these plants. That 16°C is better than 35°C for growing these plants and that one cup of water is better than two cups of water for growing these plants. It is not possible to conclude from this experiment if 16°C is better than 35oC, or if one cup of water is better than two cups of water, because you can’t test two variables at a time.

Bellwork: The arrows only point away from “Grasses and Shrubs” and not toward them. The biological reason for this is: arrows point in the direction energy flows through the food web. Remember this: The arrows show where the energy flows.