political, social and economic reform CHANGE political, social and economic reform

Remember the Populists? Increase circulation of money (free silver) Progressive income tax Government ownership of transportation and communication Support 8 hour work day

4 Goals of the Progressive Era Protecting Social Welfare Promoting Moral Improvement Creating Economic Reform Fostering Society

Who is a progressive? Mostly Republicans (think Lincoln) Urban Educated Middle Class Strong Faith in Science and Technology Take different approaches to fixing problems No one set of ideas or goals

Muckrakers Progressive journalists who investigate social issues/political corruption Ida Tarbell-wrote a series of stories on standard oil corruption Upton Sinclair-wrote about factory conditions Lincoln Stevens- political corruption/political machines -put pressure on politicians to reform

Modern Muckraking

Efficiency Progressives Scientific Management- working smarter not harder (Henry Ford) City managements requires experts not politicians commission plan-divided city government into departments –specialization

The Other Progressives

Problems weren’t just in the City. Populism Problems weren’t just in the City.

Who was a populist? Farmers- many of those who had headed west in search of freedom and opportunity. Some factory workers (but it never got that big on the east coast)

What did populists want? Graduated income tax- the more you make the more you pay An 8 hour work day- better for workers/safety Restrictions on immigration- less competition for jobs An increase in the money supply- more for everyone!!!!

Silver or Gold Silverites Goldbugs Wanted US currency backed by sliver Would make more money but it would be worth less. Logic- a little bit is better than nothing Popular with populists Supported money backed by gold Would make less money but what you have is more valuable Logic- fights inflation Popular with people who have money (bankers, factory owners)

The closest they ever came William Jennings Bryan- runs for president a few times, never gets close (FYI-later in life he was the prosecutor at the Scopes Trial) The party goes away as the democrats and republicans begin to take their ideas.

Remember the Populists? Increase circulation of money (free silver) Progressive income tax Government ownership of transportation and communication Support 8 hour work day

AFRICAN AMERICAN LIFE AT THE TURN OF THE CENTURY Equality???

Remember Reconstruction? Literacy Tests Poll Taxes Grandfather Clauses

Plessy vs. Ferguson, 1896 Legal case that tests the constitutionality of segregation Supreme Court ruled that separation of races in public accommodations was legal and did not violate the 14th Amendment “Separate but equal”

Suffrage isn’t a bad thing Women & Children Suffrage isn’t a bad thing

People to Know Elizabeth Cady Stanton Susan B Anthony Lucy Stone Julia Ward Howe NATIONAL AMERICAN WOMENS SUFFERAGE MOVEMENT

Tactics of the Movement Tried to convince state legislatures to allow women to vote Tried to challenge as many cases as they could in court. Which amendment did they use? Pushed for an amendment to the constitution What would that do?

Seneca Falls Convention The Seneca Falls Convention was an early and influential women's rights convention held in Seneca Falls, New York

Suffrage Movement In 1920 we get the 19th amendment

Social Welfare Progressivism Focus on crime, illiteracy, alcohol abuse, child labor, heath and safety

Child Labor 1.7 million children under age 16 work out of the home “Bitter City” is published exposing poor condition and unfair treatment of child labor States begin to pass child labor laws -Mandatory public education laws soon follow

Health and Safety Codes NY fire of 1911 causes thousands of deaths-states push for fire codes Push for workers compensation due to injury/ illness Zoning laws to keep communities safe Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire

Prohibition Temperance movement advocated moderation/elimination of alcohol Believed alcohol caused city’s problems Women’s Temperance Union Anti Saloon League 18th Amendment= No more alcohol.

Socialism Idea government should own and operate industry Eugene Debbs (remember the railroad leader from chapter 10) won 1million votes as the American Socialist party leader The book wants to make a connection between socialism and progressivism.

Lasting Effects of Progressivism Belief that government should pass laws to: protect workers regulate business try to regulate the economy fix social problems (although some minorities feel let down by progressives, NAACP)

La Follette Governor of Wisconsin who pushes for political reforms Direct Primary- voters choose who runs in General Election Initiative-citizens introduce legislation Referendum-voters make decisions on legislation Recall-voters call for special elections to remove elected officials

17th Amendment Direct election of senators Seen as a counter to state corruption Victory for the progressive movement

Wrap – Up Question Choose two of the four goals of the Progressives and briefly explain them.