An Introductory Overview of Cells, Chemical Bonds & Energy Part-I Lecture no.3 An Introductory Overview of Cells, Chemical Bonds & Energy Part-I BCH 361/ Section: xxxxx 04/12/2018

What We Will Be Covering-I? Lecture no.3 What We Will Be Covering-I? What is a Cell? The Two Types of Cells ? The Exception? The Organelles and Their Functions. 04/12/2018

What is a Cell? Cell came from Latin word mean small room. Lecture no.3 Cell came from Latin word mean small room. A cell is the functional and structural unit of all living organism. The Cell Theory --1839 by the German botanist Matthias Jakob Schleiden and German physiologist Theodore Schwann. 04/12/2018

Cell Theory All living things are made up of cells. Lecture no.3 All living things are made up of cells. Cells are the smallest working units of all living things. All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division. 04/12/2018

Examples of Cells Lecture no.3 Plant Stem Amoeba Proteus Bacteria Nerve Cell 04/12/2018 Red Blood Cell

Types of Cells Prokaryotic Unicellular Multi-cellular Bacteria Archaea Lecture no.3 Prokaryotic Bacteria Archaea 2. Eukaryotic Unicellular Protists Multi-cellular Fungi Plants Animals 04/12/2018

Prokaryotic Cells Characteristics Unicellular (some multi-cellular). Lecture no.3 Characteristics Unicellular (some multi-cellular). Lacks a membrane bound nucleus. Lacks membrane bound organelles. Has a cell membrane (cell wall). Has ribosomes (protein production). Circular DNA. 04/12/2018

Eukaryotes Characteristics Unicellular (Protists). Lecture no.3 Characteristics Unicellular (Protists). Multicellular (fungi, plants, animals). Membrane bound Nucleus. Contains Organelles. Linear DNA. Typical plant cell Typical animal cell 04/12/2018

Types of Eukaryotic Cells Lecture no.3 Types of Eukaryotic Cells 1. Somatic Greek for “body’’ All cells in the body except the sex cells. Found in the bones, skin, organs, tissues, blood. Reproduce by Mitosis. 2. Germ The Sex Cells. Sperm and Ova. Reproduce by Meiosis. 04/12/2018

Lecture no.3 Is there any exception ? 04/12/2018

The Exception: Viruses Lecture no.3 Characteristics Latin for “poison”. Does not meet all the criteria of “Life” Not made up of cells. Contains DNA or RNA, but not usually both. Require a host to replicate. 04/12/2018

Lecture no.3 Cell Parts Organelles 04/12/2018

I- Surrounding the Cell Lecture no.3 - Cell Membrane - Cell wall Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell. Place of communication with the environment and other cells. “Gate of the Cell”. Most commonly found in plant cells & bacteria. “Supports & protects cells”. 04/12/2018

II- Inside the Cell - Nucleus - Nuclear membrane Lecture no.3 First described by Robert Brown in 1831. Largest organelle. Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane. Contains genetic material – DNA. “Control Center” Double membrane bag that surrounds nucleus. Contains nuclear pores which is place of selective transport between cytoplasm and inside of nucleus (proteins, mRNA) “Gate of the Nucleus” 04/12/2018

Continue… - Chromosomes - Nucleolus Lecture no.3 In nucleus. Present in the form of strings of DNA and histones. Contain instructions for traits & characteristics . “Director of the Cell” Inside nucleus. The nucleolus plays an indirect role in protein synthesis by producing ribosomes. Nucleolus is not a structure!!! Just a visible region. 04/12/2018

-Endoplasmic Reticulum Continue… Lecture no.3 - Cytoplasm -Endoplasmic Reticulum Gel-like material. The portion of the cell enclosed by the cell membrane but not part of any organelle It stores the organelles, water, and the chemicals in it. “Area of Movement”. The transportation center for the cell. Smooth and rough types. SER Site of fatty acid and phospholipid synthesis, While RER place of proteins synthesis 04/12/2018

Continue… - Ribosomes - Mitochondria Lecture no.3 Found in the cytoplasm and on the ER. Their job is to make proteins. The nucleus makes the ribosomes. Place of oxidative metabolism and ATP production. Contains its own DNA and ribosomes. “Powerhouse of the Cell” 04/12/2018

Continue… - Golgi Bodies - Lysosome Lecture no.3 Package and to move protein to the out side of the cell. They also process proteins from ribosomes that are located on the ER. Digest the wastes and other bad organelles. Acidic organelles - low pH due to proton pump (pH=5) in the membrane. Contain many degradative enzymes such as acid hydrolases. 04/12/2018

is a genetic defect in one of specific lysosomal hydrolases Tay-Sachs disease : is a genetic defect in one of specific lysosomal hydrolases 04/12/2018

Continue… - Vacuoles - Chloroplast Lecture no.3 The vacuole in the plant cell is larger than the vacuole in the animal cell. Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal. “Storage Tanks” . Contains green chlorophyll. Where photosynthesis takes place. “Food Producers” . 04/12/2018

Summary Lecture no.3 04/12/2018

See you later to continue with the second part of this module? Lecture no.3 See you later to continue with the second part of this module? 04/12/2018