On a Scale of 0 to 14 pH Notes

Recall… Solution= Mixture of 1+ substances Solute= substance dissolved in the solution Solvent= substance in which the solute is dissolved

Ions in Water Ions = positively or negatively charged particles Form when certain substances dissolve in a solvent. Example: Salt dissolving in water becomes Na+ and Cl-

Water Ions H2O = H+ + OH- Water molecules dissociate (break apart) When the H2O molecule ionizes, two ions form: H+ OH- Hydroxide ion H2O = H+ + OH-

pH When the solution has a higher level of H+ than OH-,, an acid is formed When a solution has a higher level of OH- than H+, a base is formed pH is a measure of how acidic or basic a solution is. ie, how many H+ or OH- a solution has

Acids When H+ > OH- More hydrogen ions than Hydroxide ions

Bases When H+ < OH- Or OH- > H+ More Hydroxide ions than Hydrogen ions

The pH Scale Scientist have developed a Scale to compare the concentration of H+ ions to OH- Ions in Solution 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 neutral STRONG BASE STRONG BASE

The pH Scale The pH scale is based on a factor of 10. This means that an acid with a pH of 4 is 10 times stronger than one with a pH of 5, while an acid with a pH of 3 is 100 times stronger than a pH of 5.

Buffers Chemical substances that neutralize small amounts of either an acid or a base