Exploring Concepts Empire Strengths Weaknesses Mongol Strong riders, horses, weapons, army, leaders, communication Respect for other’s beliefs; willingness to learn skills from others Lived in a harsh climate, lost unity as the empire grew larger, lost discipline as a fighting force

Declining conquest growth hurt economy Empire Strengths Weaknesses Ottoman Unified by religious laws Educated top soldiers & administrators Tolerated non-Muslims Brought stability to conquered people Made rich conquests Traded & expanded Reformed laws Made beautiful buildings Expanded literature Declining conquest growth hurt economy Lost trade routes, revenues, control over janissaries and strength of central leadership

Empire Strengths Weaknesses Mughal Wise, kind, leadership of Babur Tolerance Respect for learning, cultural growth, good government, tax reforms under Akbar Good government with his successors Development of architecture Military expenses drained treasury Treatment of Hindus caused 25 years of war Rulers lost land Administration & economy grew weak