The New “Isms” 1815 1850 <─┼───────────────────────┼─>
Terms—The New “Isms” Conservatism Edmund Burke Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790) Liberalism John Stuart Mill On Liberty (1859) Jeremy Bentham Utilitarianism Nationalism Johan Herder Georg Hegel
The New-Isms . . . but they overlap! Cultural: Romanticism Nationalism Political: Conservatism Liberalism Radicalism Socialism . . . but they overlap!
The New “Isms” Political: Conservatism Liberalism Nationalism
Conservatism Rejected the Enlightenment view, based on reason, of progress and natural rights Condemned most of the legacies of the French Revolution
Edmund Burke (1729 – 1797)
Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790) Predicted that the French Revolution would produce terror, chaos, dictatorship and all sorts of “crimes and follies”
The New “Isms” Political: Conservatism Liberalism Nationalism
Liberalism Aspired to carry out the promise of the Enlightenment Separation of powers
John Stuart Mill (1806 – 1873)
On Liberty (1859) Defense of social freedom
Jeremy Benthem (1748 – 1832)
Utilitarianism Everyone who is human seeks out pleasure and avoids pain. Act to derive the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people.
The New “Isms” Political: Conservatism Liberalism Nationalism
Nationalism Stressed the rights of collective groups of people known as nations The dominant, most deadly of the new “isms”
Johann Gottfried Herder 1744-1803 Get past localism to create a national sentiment
Georg Hegel (1770 – 1831)