Have Out Arab-Israeli map with your name on it Keep your video question sheet out once I hand it back

Chronology-Put the Following Events in Order Six Day War 1st Arab-Israeli War Holocaust Camp David Accords Balfour Declaration Yom Kippur War 2nd Intafada Oslo Peace Accords

Correct Order Balfour Declaration 1917 Holocaust 1933-1945 1st Arab-Israeli War 1948 Six Day War 1967 Yom Kippur War 1973 Camp David Accords 1978 Oslo Peace Accords 1993 2nd Intafada

Arab - Israeli Conflict Key Questions: Who is fighting? Where are they fighting? Why are they fighting? Will there ever be peace? Content: Review key events contributing to the Arab-Israeli Conflict Thinking Skills: Assess information and draw conclusions

Background For centuries the Jews had been persecuted Romans destroy temples Diaspora Anti-Semitism Pogroms Holocaust Gave rise to the Zionist Movement Wanted to set up an independent Jewish state

Background During the same time… Ottoman Empire controlled the Arab people (Palestine) Palestinian Arabs wanted independence

World War I McMahon-Hussein Correspondence (1915) British promise independence of Arab states After WWI…Victorious nations given areas to oversee British Mandate of Palestine

World War I Balfour Declaration (1917) letter from Great Britain that endorsed national Jewish state in Palestine Jewish immigration increases --> Arabs protest

Holocaust Entire world feels guilt United Nations Partition Plan (1947) Offers to create a Jewish and Arab state in Palestine 1.2 million Arabs vs. 600,000 Jews Jews accept (55% of land) - Arabs decline (45% of land) No Arabs on the committee Creation of Israel (David Ben-Gurion) What is the effect on the Palestinian Arabs?

Claims to Land Ancestors lived in area nearly 2000 years ago Israelis Palestinians Ancestors lived in area nearly 2000 years ago Jerusalem home to most important Jewish site—Western Wall Holocaust Ancestors have been living in area nearly 2000 years Jerusalem home to 3rd most important Muslim site-Dome of the Rock/Al-Aqsa Mosque Recent homeland

Israeli War for Independence (1948) Israel attacked by Arab nations Egypt, Jordan, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon Israel wins war --> annex more territory More Jews come to Israel (refugees) More Palestinian Arabs look for refuge (500,000) Set up camps What were the conditions like in these camps? Why didn’t they move on?

Palestinian refugees This picture, dated 1948, shows a Palestinian refugee and her child separated from their home by the "green line" after the 1948 war. Hundreds of thousands of Palestinians were displaced because of the war and the creation of Israel. One of the most contentious issues in the ongoing Arab-Israeli crisis is the "right of return," the demand by Palestinians to return to land seized in 1948. Why is the refugee problem so important to the conflict?

Perspectives on Partition and 1948 War Israeli Palestinian Creates state of Israel War of Independence Holocaust and other periods of violence against Jews throughout the past centuries might not have happened if there was a Jewish Homeland They had no input Nabka: “Catastrophe” Land set aside for Palestinians now under control of Arab countries or Israel

1956 Suez Canal Crisis (2nd Arab-Israeli War) Egypt nationalizes the Suez Canal in 1956 and closed the Straits of Tiran to Israel, which blocked Israeli access to the Red Sea. Israel attacks Egypt with later reinforcements from France and the United Kingdom Ceasefire agreement and withdrawal of Israeli troops United Nations Peacekeepers sent to maintain peace in the area

Six Day War (1967) Rapid Israeli attack devastates Arab armies (Egypt, Syria, and Jordan) Israel wins --> Sinai Peninsula, Gaza Strip, Golan Heights, West Bank

Map after 1967 War Israel gains the following territory after the war Sinai Peninsula / Gaza Strip (from Egypt) Golan Heights (from Syria) West Bank (from Jordan)

Palestine Liberation Organization (1964) Palestinian Arabs key to peace Refugee camps Wanted self rule PLO use terrorism to get self rule / destroy Israel 1969 Yasser Arafat becomes leader Israel forced to respond

UN Resolution 242 (1967) UN condemns Israel for taking Arab territory and asks for Israel to return it Israel refuses…cites security concerns “Land for Peace” Basis for future peace talks

Munich Olympics 1972 Eleven Israeli athletes murdered at Olympics by Palestinian gunmen World is outraged by killings

Yom Kippur War (1973) Egypt and Syria launched a surprise attack Israel’s government, led by Golda Meir, was not fully prepared Attained U.S. support Cease-fire *During war-Arab members of OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) declared an oil embargo to countries supporting Israel

Camp David Accords (1978) Egyptian President Sadat, Israel Prime Minister Begin, and US President Carter negotiated a peace treaty between Egypt and Israel in 1979 Return Sinai to Egypt Egypt recognized Israel

Sadat Assassination

Perspectives on Camp David Accords Israeli Palestinian Shows that the country is willing to trade land it has conquered for peace Egypt recognizes that Israel is a country and exists. Sadat assassinated in 1981 by Muslim extremists Jordan signs peace agreement with Israel in 1994.

Lebanon 1978 & 1982 Israel invades in an effort to stop PLO attacks Expels PLO

Conflict Israel surrounded by hostiles West Bank / Gaza Strip Long history of conflict West Bank / Gaza Strip Jewish settlements created 1.7 Million Palestinians live under Israeli control No power / no voice

Occupied Territories and settlements: Gaza Strip, West Bank, Golan Heights

Current Issue: Settlements Israeli Palestinian For religious, political, and security reasons a large number Israeli settlements exist in the West Bank and East Jerusalem. 270,000 Israeli settlers in the West Bank Israeli settlements go against the idea of a future Palestinian state.

Palestinian Intifada -In 1987 Palestinians begin to violently protest Israeli rule over the West Bank -Some Palestinians follow the PLO under Yassir Arafat -Some Palestinians follow Islamic organization…Hammas. How are they different?

1993 Oslo Peace Accord Recognize each other Israel agrees to PLO self-rule, regain control over some lost territories PLO agrees to stop terrorism Rabin and Arafat win Nobel Peace Prize

Rabin Assassination Right wing Israeli activist assassinate Rabin. Significance?

Since 2000 2000-a second Intifada From 2000-June 2008 -Over 4500 Palestinians killed -Over 1000 Israelis killed Operation Defensive Shield 2004-Yasser Arafat died-Mahmoud Abbas takes over Israeli P.M. Ariel Sharon decided that Israel would withdraw from Gaza and parts of West Bank (2005) Hamas wins control of Palestinian Parliament 2006 Border issues and air strikes followed Attacks on Israel have increased since 2010 as Hamas tries to disrupt peace talks

The Continuing Arab-Israeli Conflict Why is a resolution so difficult? In your groups of 4: Review main themes of the current issues involved in the Arab-Israeli Conflict 2 from Palestinian Authority perspective 2 from Israeli perspective Present: The argument from your side to the group. What are the main goals of your perspective Debate: What should happen?

Reflect… How do you think the conflict should be resolved? What prevents a resolution?