BELLWORK: 12/13 How was the second stage of the CCW different than the first? How was the US involved in the CCW? Why was it so important for them to maintain involvement? How was the USSR involved in the CCW? Explain the CCP’s final offensives leading to their victory (PLA, tactics, GMD resistance, etc.) THINKER: In your opinion, why did the CCP win the Civil War? Explain!

Post-WWII Clashes USSR controlled Manchuria  CCP forces came to occupy  clashed with GMD US sent advisors, US ships, US aircraft, 50,000 troops Corruption of GMD caused Manchuria to support CCP From left to right: US diplomat Patrick J. Hurley, Jiang Jhing-kuo (GMD & son), Jiang Jieshi, Chang Ch'ün (GMD advisor), Wang Shi Jie (CCP), Mao Zedong

Post-WWII Clashes US General Marshall sent to mediate US supported coalition government, but did NOT support a single-party state (continued to fund GMD) CCP condemned the US Temporary truce gave time for Mao to rebuild Truce is broken and fighting resumes in July 1947

Resumed Fighting (1947-1949) GMD & CCP evenly matched PLA offensive against railways (guerilla) PLA offensives in cities (conventional) Decreased GMD morale Northern China under communist control; CCP wins Nanjing & Shanghai Land Reform

Lin Biao: Commander of PLA; led forces into Eastern China to capture Beijing, vital in victory over GMD in second stage of CCW

The PLA enters Beijing and controls the later capital of PRC

US Involvement 50,000 Marines were sent to guard strategic sites 100,000 US troops were sent to Shandong The US equipped and trained over 500,000 GMD troops, and transported GMD forces to occupy newly liberated zones, as well as to contain Communist controlled areas Aide included both new and surplus military supplies Loans to GMD Within 2 years after WWII, the GMD had received 4.43 billion dollars from the US - most of which was military aid It was perfectly clear to us that if we told the Japanese to lay down their arms immediately and march to the seaboard, the entire country would be taken over by the Communists. We therefore had to take the unusual step of using the enemy as a garrison until we could airlift Chinese National troops to South China and send Marines to guard the seaports. —President Truman

Outcome October 1949: Mao proclaimed the establishment of the People’s Republic of China December 1949: Jiang proclaimed Taipei, Taiwan, the temporary capital of the Republic of China and continued to assert his government as the sole legitimate authority in China. Despite the end of the hostilities, the two sides have never signed any agreement or treaty to officially end the war.

BELLWORK: Block 2 *Why did the CCP win the Civil War? List five reasons! In your opinion, what was the biggest error made by the GMD during the Chinese Civil War? How did that contribute to their loss? Pgs. 276-278  List the effects of the Chinese Civil War for: China Asia USSR China’s relationship with the West

Reading https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UUCEeC4f6ts How did the Chinese Civil War impact: China Asia USSR China’s relationship with the West

Reasons for Communist Success Strengths of the CCP Weaknesses of GMD Leadership of the PLA (Lin Biao) Role of Mao Spread of Communism Role of Intelligence Support of local populations Political Economic Military

Discuss the relationship between Mao and Stalin at the end of the Chinese Civil War. Why do you think the two men disliked/distrusted one another?

HOMEWORK https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UUCEeC4f6ts Guerrilla War Comparison Bring note cards on Wednesday!!!