What causes a War?

The French and Indian War How did the French and Indian War affect the colonies and how would it ignite the beginnings of a revolution?

Shade in the regions of the British, French and Spanish in North America The battle would start in the Ohio River Valley Then it would spread throughout the French parts of Canada Was the French and Indian war fought in South Carolina?

The French and Indian War would start in the Ohio Valley………… The border between French and British possessions was not well defined, and one disputed territory was the upper Ohio River valley. The French had constructed a number of forts in this region in an attempt to strengthen their claim on the territory.

The French wanted to expand its fur trade with the Native Americans in this area. British colonists in Virginia and Pennsylvania also wanted to settle this land and trade for furs.

It was only a matter of time before French traders and the land-hungry English colonists would clash.

By the 1750s, English colonists, especially the investors in the Ohio Company, also hoped to convert the wilderness into good farmland.

Each side tried to keep the other out of the Ohio Country Each side tried to keep the other out of the Ohio Country. In the early 1750s, French soldiers captured several English trading posts and built Fort Duquesne (now called Pittsburgh) to defend their territory from English incursions.

Get out of the Ohio Valley! A young Virginian Major named George Washington and a number of men headed out into the Ohio region with the mission to deliver a message to a French captain demanding that French troops withdraw from the territory. Their demand was rejected.  Hey France! Get out of the Ohio Valley! No!

Washington hoped to capture Fort Duquesne but soon realized the fort was too strong, so he retreated and when chased by the French, quickly built Fort Necessity.

In 1754, 600 French troops along with 100 Indians  marched on Fort Necessity. Washington, who was badly outnumbered, accepted an agreement  that would allow he and his soldiers to withdraw from the fort peacefully.

The French then took the fort and soon burned it to the ground The French then  took the fort and soon burned it to the ground. The battle at Fort Necessity marked the only time that George Washington ever surrendered in his military career.

England did not officially declare war until 1756, although the conflict had actually begun two years earlier at Fort Necessity.

Who was fighting? against +

By September 1760, the British controlled all of the North American frontier; the war between the two countries was effectively over. The 1763 Treaty of Paris ended the war.

Do you see France any where on the map in North America? No! France got kicked out of North America. Also, look what happened to Florida.

With the French out of the way, British colonists poured into the Ohio Valley. Native Americans had enough of the British settlers and attacked them during Pontiac’s Rebellion. 2000 soldiers and settlers would die.

In response to the Indian uprising, British officials issued the Proclamation of 1763. It stated that the land west of the Appalachian Mountains belonged to the Indians and could not be settled.

Meanwhile, in South Carolina, they were not Colonists were extremely angry with England at being told they could not settle in the Ohio Valley. Wait just a minute! Was the King really serious about that Proclamation line he drew? That means I have to leave my home In the Ohio Valley! Meanwhile, in South Carolina, they were not affected by the French and Indian War but they were beginning to have troubles in the Cherokee War….

Another big problem would be that England had accumulated a large debt because it had to fight to protect its colonies.

England felt that the colonies should help to pay off this debt England felt that the colonies should help to pay off this debt. This would spark the flames in colonists would eventually lead a full revolution. England felt that the colonies should help to pay off this debt. This would spark the flames in colonists that would eventually lead a full revolution.

Ready for even more War?

The French and Indian War was part of a global conflict called the Seven Years War. All the participants of the Seven Years' War:   Great Britain, Prussia, Portugal, with allies    France, Spain, Austria, Russia, Sweden with allies In the American colonies ,it was just called the French and Indian war.

The war was driven by the competing interests among the great powers of Europe.

Great Britain competed with both France and Spain over trade and colonies. Colonial Conflict between French & British Prussia was struggling with Austria for dominance within and outside of central Europe.

Ready for still more War?

Although the French and Indian War was not fought in South Carolina, it did contribute to the outbreak of war with the Cherokee in 1759.

Pushing Native Americans off their land Conditions for war with the Cherokee had been building since colonists moved into the Upcountry. Grievances: Pushing Native Americans off their land Cheating them in trade Breaking agreement to protect them against the French and other Indians

When French fur traders moved in to the upstate region, English settlers were prompted to seek a treaty with the Cherokee. The Cherokee interpreted this treaty to be an alliance while the British saw it as an acknowledgement of British sovereignty. Although peace lasted for 30 years, it was broken during the French and Indian War.

Although peace lasted for 30 years, it was broken during the French and Indian War. Although the Cherokee favored the British, the British failed to protect the Cherokee when the French and their Indian allies attacked.

A band of Cherokee warriors traveling through Virginia after helping the British in a campaign against the French at Fort Duquesne (modern Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) captured some wild horses. Virginia frontiersmen confronted them, claiming that the horses were their property. Twelve of the Cherokee died in the fight that followed. The frontiersmen then took the horses and killed the Cherokees.

The Indians retaliated by raiding frontier settlements in North Carolina and South Carolina By the fall of 1759, the Cherokee and the British were openly at war an the violence escalated in the backcountry. 

The royal governor of South Carolina tried to control the Cherokee by stopping all trade and making hostages of the Cherokee peace emissaries who had come to negotiate a peace agreement.

The Cherokee War lasted about two years and resulted in many deaths among the Cherokee. The treaty that ended the war forced the Cherokee to give up much of their land and created a boundary dividing the colony and the Cherokee territory.

Reflection How did the French and Indian War contribute to the start of the American Revolution? Describe the French and Indian War, Cherokee War, and the Seven Years War. How were they connected to each other? Please complete your reflections on the handout