Vehicle Sizing PDR Team “Canard” September 14th, 2006 Team 1: Dane Batema Benoit Blier Drew Capps Patricia Roman Kyle Ryan Audrey Serra John Tapee Carlos Vergara

Overview Preliminary Wing Loading and Power Loading Estimate: - Equations for each constraint - Constraint diagram - Engineering judgment Preliminary Weight Estimate: -Method of weight estimation -Database of historical weight data Summary AAE 451 Team 1

Constraint Equations Stall Cruise (Dash) Climb AAE 451 Team 1

Power loading (lbf/hp) TAKEOFF AAE 451 Team 1

STALL CLIMB CRUISE (DASH) CD0 = 0.028 CD0 = 0.024 CD0 = 0.020 CLmax = 1.15 CLmax = 1.25 CLmax = 1.35 (L/D)max = 10 (L/D)max = 12 Design Point (1.2, 4.0) Power loading (lbf/hp) Vdash = 90 mph (132 ft/s) Vstall = 30 ft/s AAE 451 Team 1

Preliminary weight estimate METHOD How much energy used in each mission phase Estimation of the battery weight Historical data Intersection W AAE 451 Team 1

Preliminary weight estimate Estimation of the battery weight : MISSION SEGMENTS Takeoff Climb to 20ft ¼ mile dash (straight level flight) 5 minutes loiter (turning flight) ¼ mile return at the most economical speed (straight level flight) AAE 451 Team 1

Preliminary weight estimate Estimation of the battery weight : Takeoff : Given: ρB= 2.39e5 Joules/lb (LiPo chosen for weight) ηmotor = 0.75 Guess: Time TO = 5 seconds W/hp = 4 lb/hp AAE 451 Team 1

Preliminary weight estimate Estimation of the battery weight : Climb : Given: ρB= 2.39e5 Joules/lb (LiPo chosen for weight) ηprop = 0.75 ηmotor = 0.75 γ(climb angle) = 35° Distance Climb = V Tc = 35 ft Guess: L/D climb = 10 Vto = 1.1 Vstall = 33 ft/s γ 20 ft 35 ft Tc = 1 second AAE 451 Team 1

Preliminary weight estimate Estimation of the battery weight : ¼ mile dash : Guess: L/D dash = 1.5 Given: ρB= 2.39e5 Joules/lb (LiPo chosen for weight) ηprop = 0.75 ηmotor = 0.75 Distance dash = V Td = 1320 ft AAE 451 Team 1

Preliminary weight estimate Estimation of the battery weight : 5 minutes loiter : Guess: Vloiter = 50 ft/s R = 100 ft = atan (V²/Rg) L/D loiter = 10 Given: ρB= 2.39e5 Joules/lb (LiPo chosen for weight) ηprop = 0.75 ηmotor = 0.75 Tloiter = 300 seconds AAE 451 Team 1

AAE 451 Team 1

Preliminary weight estimate Estimation of the battery weight : ¼ mile back : Guess: L/D return = 10 Given: ρB= 2.39e5 Joules/lb (LiPo chosen for weight) ηprop = 0.75 ηmotor = 0.75 Distance return = V Tr = 1320 ft AAE 451 Team 1

Preliminary weight estimate Estimation of the battery weight : 14.94% 0.66% 25.51% 55.06% 3.83% Climbing phase can be neglected Wb = 3.5% W and AAE 451 Team 1

AAE 451 Team 1

Preliminary weight estimate Analytical solution : First guess for W Calculate : a = W – We and b= Wb + Wp Calculate : a – b Iterate until a – b = 0 Find final total weight of the airplane : W = 4.99 lb AAE 451 Team 1

Preliminary weight estimate Graphic solution : AAE 451 Team 1

Summary Design Point Results Weight Power Loading: 4.0 lbf/hp Wing Loading: 1.2 lbf/ft2 Weight Total: 4.99 lbs Battery: 78.8 g Results Wing Area = 4.16 ft2 Horsepower = 1.25 hp AAE 451 Team 1