Genetic Engineering
Types of Breeding Selective Breeding: take advantage of naturally occurring genetic variation in plants, animals, and other organisms, to pass desired traits to the next generation. dogs, horses, cats, farm animals, & crop plants Burbank: potato resistant to potato blight
Types of Breeding Hybridization: crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best of both Shasta Daisies
Inbreeding maintains desired characteristics increases chances of disease & deformities golden retrievers & German shepherds: blindness and joint deformities radiation & chemicals: induce mutations increase the genetic variation useful bacteria & polyploid plants
Manipulating DNA Genetic Engineering: making changes to the DNA code Scientist use the knowledge of the structure and function of DNA and its chemical properties to study and change DNA molecules.
DNA Extraction cell is opened and DNA is separated Cutting DNA: use restriction enzymes, which cut DNA at a specific sequence of bases 100's of different ones will only cut the DNA if it matches the sequence exactly
Separating DNA gel electrophoresis: mixture of DNA fragments is placed at one end of a gel, and an electric voltage is applied to the gel. DNA molecules move to the positive end of the gel. The smaller DNA fragments move the farthest down the gel, while the larger pieces stay near the top.
Cutting, Pasting, & Copying DNA recombinant DNA: take a gene from one organism and attach it to another PCR (polymerase chain reaction) makes many copies of a DNA segment
PCR