Aim: Identify the links that create nation-state & explain how nationalism weakened empires

Nationalism: A Force for Unity or Disunity Nationalism was the most powerful idea of the 1800’s. Fueled efforts to build nation-states Nationalists were not loyal to kings but to their people who shared common bonds People who wanted to restore the old order from before the French Revolution saw nationalism as a force for disunity Authoritarian rulers began to see that nationalism could also unify masses of people Soon began to use nationalist feelings for their own purposes Built nation-states in areas where they remained firmly in control 2

Types of Nationalist Movements 1) Unification Mergers of politically divided but culturally similar lands Ex: 19th Century German and Italy 2) Separation Culturally distinct group resists being added to a state or tries to break away Ex: Greeks in Ottoman Empire & French Speaking Canadians 3) State-Building Culturally distinct groups form into a new state by accepting a single culture Ex: The United States & Turkey 3

Nationalism Shakes Aging Empires Three aging empires contained a mixture of ethnic groups Austrian Empire Russian Empire Ottoman Empire Ethnic unrest threatened & toppled these empires Austria-Hungary broke into several separate nation-states Romanov dynasty of Russia was determined to maintain iron control over its diversity Russia institute a policy of Russification, forcing Russian culture on all ethnic groups Ottomans granted equal citizenship to all the people under their rule-Angered Turks Ottoman Empire broke apart after WWI 4