Module 4 Responding to the environment 2.4.10 Pulling together – muscles, nerves and hormones

Learning Objectives Success Criteria To understand how muscles, nerves and hormones work together State that responses to environmental stimuli in mammals are coordinated by the nervous and endocrine systems (Grade E - D) Identify physiological changes in flight or fight response (Grade C –B) Explain how the fight or flight response is coordinated by nerves and hormones (Grade B – A) 2

Starter June 2012 – Question 2

Pulling Together Responses to environmental stimuli in mammals are coordinated by the nervous and endocrine systems Stimuli from external environment feed information into systems Brain assesses appropriate response Ensure survival Short term e.g. homeostasis Long term e.g. reproductive behaviours

Flight or Fight Response Coordinated by nervous and endocrine systems Threat to safety of organism leads to variety of physiological changes Either escape or challenge threat Heightened awareness to assess threat

Flight or Fight Response: Physiological Changes Heart rate increases Arterioles to muscles dilate Blood glucose levels increase Metabolic rate increases Ventilation rate increases Endorphins (natural pain killers) released

Flight of Fight Response Cerebral understanding of threat Activates hypothalamus Stimulates sympathetic nervous system Adrenaline release

Resisting Stressors Hypothalamus Corticotrophin-releasing Factor (CRF) Sympathetic Nervous System Pituitary Gland Adreno-corticotropic Hormone (ACTH) Glands and smooth muscle Adrenaline Adrenal Cortex Corticosteroid Hormones Physiological changes

Plenary Complete table on worksheet

Learning Objectives Success Criteria To understand how muscles, nerves and hormones work together State that responses to environmental stimuli in mammals are coordinated by the nervous and endocrine systems (Grade E - D) Identify physiological changes in flight or fight response (Grade C –B) Explain how the fight or flight response is coordinated by nerves and hormones (Grade B – A) 10