Organic Compounds

Organic Compounds Contain carbon Most are covalently bonded Ex: C6H12O6 (glucose)

Carbohydrates Contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen Sugars and starches Classified by size Monosaccharides- simple sugars Disaccharides- two simple sugars joined by dehydration synthesis Polysaccharides- long chains of simple sugars Ratio of C:H:O is 1:2:1

Carbohydrates

Lipids Contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen Insoluble in water C and H outnumber O Insoluble in water Common lipids in the human body Neutral fats (triglycerides) Found in fat deposits Source of stored energy Phospholipids Form cell membranes Steroids Cholesterol, bile salts, vitamin D, some hormones

Lipids

Proteins Made of amino acids Over ½ of body’s organic matter C, O, H, N, and sometimes sulfur Over ½ of body’s organic matter Provides construction materials for body tissues Vital role in cell function Enzymes, hormones, and antibodies

Enzymes Biological catalysts Increase rate of chemical reactions

Nucleic Acids Provide blueprint of life Nucleotide bases A = Adenine G = Guanine C = Cytosine T = Thymine (DNA only) U = Uracil (RNA only) Make DNA and RNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Complimentary bases form double helix Replicates before cell division Instruction for every protein in the body

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Chemical energy used by all cells Energy released by breaking high energy phosphate bond Replenished by oxidation of food fuels