FCAT Review Life Science

What does “Being Alive” mean? Made of cells Respond to stimuli Respire (use energy) Adapt Reproduce Excrete wastes Secrete Have a life span

Life Needs: Energy (solar or chemical) Water Tolerable Temperatures Light Agreeable Atmosphere

Structure of the Cell

Single Cell vs. Multicellular

Cell Organization Atom Molecule Organelle Cell Tissue Organ System Organism

Major Systems Excretory Respiratory Digestive Male Reproductive Female

Major Systems Nervous Skeletal Circulatory Muscular

Chemistry of the Cell Cells are made of atoms and molecules Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, Iron, Sodium, Potassium, etc.

Organic Inorganic Organic compounds contain carbon Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, nucleic acids, etc. Inorganic compounds are also necessary for life Water, salt, vitamins, etc.

Cell Transport…note error on class notes Passive Transport Active Transport Endocytosis Exocytosis

Cellular Respiration organisms use oxygen to break down glucose and release water and carbon dioxide as waste C6H12O6 + 6O2  Energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O

Photosynthesis plants use solar energy to make glucose from water and carbon dioxide and release oxygen as waste Energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2

Mitosis Cell division for body cells - diploid

Meiosis Cell division to produce sex cells - haploid

DNA Nitrogen bases Adenine Thymine Guanine Cytosine

Sexual vs. Asexual Reproduction

Heredity – passing of traits from parents of offspring Alleles – different forms a gene has for a trait A – dominant allele for a trait (upper case) a – recessive allele for a trait (lower case) Heterozygous – different alleles Homozygous – identical alleles

Punnett Squares Tools for predicting genetic crosses Genotype – genetic makeup What alleles are present Phenotype – physical makeup What is shown

Fill in the Punnett Square T – tall plants t – short plants How many offspring plants will be tall? How many offspring plants will be short? What percentage of offspring will be tall plants?

Fill in the Punnett Square T – tall plants t – short plants How many offspring plants will be tall? How many offspring plants will be short? What percentage of offspring will be tall plants?

Evolution – changes in kinds of animals and plants over time Evidence Fossil record Continental drift Why do kangaroos live in Australia?

From Eohippus to Equus

Survival of the Fittest Ability to reproduce successfully Charles Darwin The fittest?

Ecology Biotic Factors Living things Abiotic Factors Non-living things

Food Chain vs. Food Web

Energy Pyramid

Adaptation for Survival Changes in structure behavior

Cycles of Nature Carbon Nitrogen Phosphorus Water

Environmental Issues Decrease in resources leads to decrease in natural populations Human activities Pollution Global warming Destruction of habitat

Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources Wind Solar Water Trees Biomass Non-renewable Coal Oil Gas

Scientific Classification

Scientific Classification

Dichotomous Key

Plant Kindom

Plant Reproduction Spores vs. Seeds Fern Gymnosperm Angiosperm

Virus Viruses are not alive until they invade a cell