Lesson 1 : Purposes and Origins of Government Chapter 1 Lesson 1 : Purposes and Origins of Government

Essential Question: Why do all societies need some form of government?

“Government is not the solution to our problems “Government is not the solution to our problems. Government is the problem.” Ronald Reagan Do you agree with this? Why do many Americans dislike the government? Could society exist without government?

Answer these questions with an elbow partner. Why is government necessary? 2. What would life be like without government?

Vocabulary Anarchy is a state without government and laws

Vocabulary Government is an institution through which leaders exercise power to make and enforce laws affecting the people under its control.

April 9, 2003 – Saddam’s statue is torn down after the U. S April 9, 2003 – Saddam’s statue is torn down after the U.S.-led invasion successfully overthrow’s him Saddam Hussein - president of Iraq from July 16, 1979 until April 9, 2003 Video Clip

B. A. Cartoon A: What seems to be the reaction of the Iraqi people to the overthrow of Saddam? Why do you think they felt this way? Cartoon B: Why did looting and violence take place after the fall of Saddam?

What does government do for us? B. What does government do for us? D. C.

Functions of Government 1) Providing Leadership 2) Maintaining Order 3) Providing Public Services 4) Providing National Security 5) Providing Economic Security and Economic Assistance .

Characteristics of a State Population Territory STATE Government is an institution that a group of people forms to make and enforce laws. What a government decides to do is called its public policy. State is a group of people who live together and rule themselves through a government. Sovereignty is the people having complete power in their territory, they don’t answer to a higher authority. Government Sovereignty

Characteristics of a State What makes the United States (or any other country) “one nation?” Population Territory Government Sovereignty –

The Purposes of Government The Preamble (introduction) to the Constitution clearly states what the American government will do. -Treat people fairly -Keep order -Help the people -Protect each person’s freedom.

Purpose & Functions of Government Maintain Social Order Provides Public Services Purpose & Functions of Government Provide National Security Make Economic Decisions

Purpose & Functions of Government Maintain Social Order Our government makes laws to prohibit “crimes” (murder, rape, assault, theft, etc.) and punishes those who break them. Government also provides courts to resolve disputes between individuals. Provides Public Services Purpose & Functions of Government Provide National Security Make Economic Decisions

Purpose & Functions of Government Maintain Social Order Our government makes laws to prohibit “crimes” (murder, rape, assault, theft, etc.) and punishes those who break them. Government also provides courts to resolve disputes between individuals. Provides Public Services Our government provides public roads, bridges, sewer systems, health & safety inspectors, public education, public libraries, etc. Purpose & Functions of Government Provide National Security Make Economic Decisions

Purpose & Functions of Government Maintain Social Order Our government makes laws to prohibit “crimes” (murder, rape, assault, theft, etc.) and punishes those who break them. Government also provides courts to resolve disputes between individuals. Provides Public Services Our government provides public roads, bridges, sewer systems, health & safety inspectors, public education, public libraries, etc. Purpose & Functions of Government Provide National Security Our government provides a military to protect us from attack, provides border patrol, provides intelligence agencies to spy for potential threats, etc. Make Economic Decisions

Purpose & Functions of Government Maintain Social Order Our government makes laws to prohibit “crimes” (murder, rape, assault, theft, etc.) and punishes those who break them. Government also provides courts to resolve disputes between individuals. Provides Public Services Our government provides public roads, bridges, sewer systems, health & safety inspectors, public education, public libraries, etc. Purpose & Functions of Government Provide National Security Our government provides a military to protect us from attack, provides border patrol, provides intelligence agencies to spy for potential threats, etc. Make Economic Decisions Our government provides a monetary system (U.S. Dollars), controls interest rates and inflation, and provides aid to the poor so that Americans enjoy a high standard of living.

Evaluate the functions of government Which of these functions do you feel is most important? Why is it the most important? (answer in one complete sentence)

How did governments come into existence? Theories on the Origins of Government Evolutionary Theory Force Theory How did governments come into existence? Divine Right Theory Social Contract Theory (by Thomas Hobbes)

How did governments come into existence? Theories on the Origins of Government Evolutionary Theory As the extended family grew in size, the elders became the governing body of that society. Force Theory How did governments come into existence? Divine Right Theory Social Contract Theory (by Thomas Hobbes)

How did governments come into existence? Theories on the Origins of Government Evolutionary Theory As the extended family grew in size, the elders became the governing body of that society. Force Theory Those who were stronger and/or had the backing of a military brought areas under their control by force and thus became the government. How did governments come into existence? Divine Right Theory Social Contract Theory (by Thomas Hobbes)

How did governments come into existence? Theories on the Origins of Government Evolutionary Theory As the extended family grew in size, the elders became the governing body of that society. Force Theory Those who were stronger and/or had the backing of a military brought areas under their control by force and thus became the government. How did governments come into existence? Divine Right Theory The people in some societies believed that their leaders (Kings, Emperors, etc.) were chosen by God so by obeying these leaders they were obeying God. Social Contract Theory (by Thomas Hobbes)

How did governments come into existence? Theories on the Origins of Government Evolutionary Theory As the extended family grew in size, the elders became the governing body of that society. Force Theory Those who were stronger and/or had the backing of a military brought areas under their control by force and thus became the government. How did governments come into existence? Divine Right Theory The people in some societies believed that their leaders (Kings, Emperors, etc.) were chosen by God so by obeying these leaders they were obeying God. Social Contract Theory (by Thomas Hobbes) The people saw the brutality of life w/out laws, so they agreed to create a government and accepted the government’s authority over them. In exchange, the people expected the government to protect them.

Theories about How the State Began Theory Summary Force Strong person or group took control of others. Evolutionary State developed after early families chose to settle land and became tribes. Divine Right God gave those of royal birth the right to rule. Social Contract State exists because people voluntarily organized themselves to improve their lives.

When and where did democratic government first develop?

When and where did democratic government first develop? Many historians believe that democracy first developed in Ancient Athens approximately 508 BC

*The geographic boundaries of states and nations do not always match. What is the difference between a state and a nation? State Definition – a political community that occupies a definite territory, has an organized government, and has sovereignty (has supreme & absolute authority w/in its territorial boundaries) Nation Definition – a sizeable group of people that share common bonds of race, language, customs, and religion *The geographic boundaries of states and nations do not always match.

What is the difference between a state and a nation? Definition – a political community that occupies a definite territory, has an organized government, and has sovereignty (has supreme & absolute authority w/in its territorial boundaries) Nation Definition – a sizeable group of people that share common bonds of race, language, customs, and religion *The geographic boundaries of states and nations do not always match. Examples of Multi-Nation States: Canada (English-Speaking Canadians & French Canadians) Iraq (Sunnis, Kurds, & Shiites) Israel (Jews & Palestinians)

*The geographic boundaries of states and nations do not always match. What is the difference between a state and a nation? State Definition – a political community that occupies a definite territory, has an organized government, and has sovereignty (has supreme & absolute authority w/in its territorial boundaries) Nation Definition – a sizeable group of people that share common bonds of race, language, customs, and religion *The geographic boundaries of states and nations do not always match. Examples of Nations W/out a State of Their Own: Kurds (live primarily in Northern Iraq & Southeastern Turkey) Palestinians (live in Israel) Chechens (live in part of Russia)

Nation, State, and Country Sizeable group of people who believe themselves united by common bonds of race, language, custom, or religion. Example: Kurds in Iraq (do not have their own country) State – from Greek philosopher Aristotle A political community that occupies a definite territory and has an organized government (also a country) Example: The United States of America Sovereignty Supreme and absolute authority within territorial boundaries

Make a Chart Theory Explanation

Origins of the State The Force Theory The force theory states that one person or a small group took control of an area and forced all within it to submit to that person’s or group’s rule. The Evolutionary Theory The evolutionary theory argues that the state evolved naturally out of the early family.(Father Abraham)

Origins of the State The Divine Right Theory The theory of divine right holds that God created the state and that God gives those of royal birth a “divine right” to rule. The Social Contract Theory The social contract theory argues that the state arose out of a voluntary act of free people.

Review Question: Chapter 1 : Lesson 1 Read pages 6-11 and answer Review Questions on page 11. Hand in Google Class Room.