CELLS Cell Structure

1/6/15 Cells Key Question: How are cells structured and organized? Initial Thoughts:

Bill Nye Movie Evidence #1: Bill Nye Movie Cells - Bill Nye Cells

Evidence #2: Notes & Diagrams Take notes from the PowerPoint.

Cell Theory Cells are the basic unit of life All living things are made of cells Cells come from other cells

Cells are… Definition: The basic unit of life Cells produce tissues  Tissues produce organs  Organs produce organ systems  Organs systems produce organisms

Single Cells do everything by themselves; What is the difference between a single cell and cells working together? Cell Specialization by Brainpop Single Cells do everything by themselves; Cells in tissues and organs divide up the work!

The discovery of cells Robert Hooke discovered the first cells. Cork Cells were thought to have been these cells.

Anton von Leeuwenhoek was first to observe one celled living things Anton von Leeuwenhoek was first to observe one celled living things. Examples of these were bacteria and parameciums.

Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Prokaryotic Cells: NO NUCLEUS Example: Bacteria Eukaryotic Cells: Have a TRUE NUCLEUS Example: all cells in your body

Create 2 columns: Cell Part Function

CELL PART: CYTOPLASM FUNCTION: Gel-like material inside cells Holds organelles

“GATE KEEPER”—Controls what goes in and out FUNCTION: “GATE KEEPER”—Controls what goes in and out CELL PART: CELL MEMBRANE

Directs all cell activities FUNCTION: Directs all cell activities CELL PART: NUCLEUS With the electron microscope

Helps to make ribosomes; FUNCTION: Helps to make ribosomes; Found inside nucleus CELL PART: NUCLEOLUS

Pathway for moving materials through cell FUNCTION: Pathway for moving materials through cell (the “express-way”) CELL PART: Endoplasmic Reticulum or ER

FUNCTION: CELL PART: Make protein! RIBOSOMES Under the electron microscope: A simple diagram Under the electron microscope:

Releases energy in the cell; the “powerhouse” FUNCTION: Releases energy in the cell; the “powerhouse” CELL PART: MITOCHONDRIA Under the electron microscope:

FUNCTION: Contains genes or instructions for cell’s activities (found in nucleus) CELL PART: CHROMATIN (DNA) Under the electron microscope:

Converts sunlight into cell energy FUNCTION: Converts sunlight into cell energy (Found in plants ONLY!) CELL PART: CHLOROPLAST Under the microscope

The outer structure in plant cells; made of cellulose FUNCTION: The outer structure in plant cells; made of cellulose CELL PART: CELL WALL Under the microscope

Store water, food, and waste products; FUNCTION: Store water, food, and waste products; Very large in plant cells, small in animal cells CELL PART: VACUOLES Under the microscope

Nicknamed “UPS”—Packages & secrete substances made inside the cell FUNCTION: Nicknamed “UPS”—Packages & secrete substances made inside the cell CELL PART: GOLGI BODIES Under the microscope

FUNCTION: CELL PART: Digests cell wastes LYSOSOMES “garbage disposal” Under the microscope

Help direct cell division during mitosis; only in animal cells FUNCTION: Help direct cell division during mitosis; only in animal cells CELL PART: Centriole

What are the two parts that plant cells have that animal cells do not have? Cell Walls Chloroplasts

Draw an animal and plant cell Using this powerpoint and the Cell Games Link on Swift, draw and label an animal and plant cell. Cell Games: http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/health/anatomy/cell/index.htm

Animal Cell

Plant Cell

Analysis Questions What are the differences between a eukaryotic cell and a prokaryotic cell? Give examples of organisms of each. What is the job of the cell membrane? Why would this be important to a cell? Compare and contrast plant cells and animal cells. (How are they different? How are they the same?)

Summary Make sure this is thoughtful and thorough. In a well developed paragraph: What did you think before about how cells are structured? (look back at your initial thoughts) What did you learn about how cells are structured? Be specific! (look back at your evidence section). What evidence do you have that you learned this? Further Thoughts Make sure this is thoughtful and thorough.

Reflection Draw a picture of how cells are organized to make complex organisms. Cells tissues  organs  organ systems  organisms

Big Idea: Cells Cells are the building blocks of life Cells tissues  organs  organ systems  organisms Organelles each have a different job Prokaryotic cells don’t have a nucleus; Eukaryotic cells do.