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Chapter 10 Managing Anxiety and Delivering Your Speech Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Qualities of Effective Speakers Ethics Knowledge Preparation Self-Confidence

Avoiding Plagiarism Use a variety of sources Avoid using other’s language/ideas Cite sources prior to quoting material Always identify your sources Give credit to creator of ideas

Managing Speech Anxiety Speech Anxiety—a multisystem response that creates a combination of biochemical changes in the body in a communication situation. Fear of speaking before an audience. Communication Apprehension—the most severe form of speech anxiety; an anxiety syndrome associated with either real or anticipated communication with another person or persons. How do you feel when you are anxious? Photo from chapter 10 page 256 © Cleve Bryant/PhotoEdit Inc. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Managing Speech Anxiety: Causes Fear of Physical unattractiveness Social inadequacy Criticism Unknown Conflicting emotions Excitement from anticipation

Symptoms of Speech Anxiety Quivering, too soft, monotone, too fast, non-emphatic Voice Stammering, halting, awkward pauses, hunting for words, speech blocks Fluency Breathing heavily, clearing throat, swallowing repeatedly Mouth and throat No eye contact, rolling eyes, tense facial muscles, grimaces, twitches Facial expressions Rigid and tense, waving hands Arms and hands Swaying, pacing, shuffling feet, weight shifts Body movement Feeling too warm, too much saliva, dry mouth, butterflies in the stomach Nonvisible symptoms Adapted from “A. Mulac and A.R. Sherman, “Behavior Assessment of Speech Anxiety,” Quarterly Journal of Speech 60,2 (April 1974): 138 Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Anxiety (Continued) Speech Anxiety in Other Cultures Treating Speech Anxiety Systematic desensitization Systematic technique designed to reduce the tenseness associated with anxiety Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Extemporaneous Delivery Methods of Delivery Impromptu Delivery Manuscript Delivery Memorized Delivery Extemporaneous Delivery Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Vocal and Physical Aspects of Delivery Vocal Aspects Vocal Quality Overall impression a speaker’s voice makes on his or her listeners. Intelligibility Vocal volume, distinctiveness of sound, clarity of pronunciation, articulation, and stress placed on delivery Vocal Variety Variations in rate, force, and pitch Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Aspects (Continued) Physical Aspects Personal appearance Body movement Facial expressions Eye contact Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

What Are Some Distracting Speaker Behaviors? rapid speech monotone mumbling awkward pauses hands in pockets playing with hair looking at floor or ceiling tense, rigid sloppy posture swaying dancing leaning on podium weight shifts crossing legs Copyright © 2008 by Allyn and Bacon

Presentational Aids Benefits of Presentational Aids Make a speech understandable and memorable Enhance speaker’s credibility Creates audience attention and interest Provide support Help with delivery Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Learning Styles Read and Auditory Write Listen Process Comprehension Visual PowerPoint Pictures Graphics Charts Kinesthetic Touch Experience Take Apart Reassemble Read and Write Comprehension Auditory Listen Process

Choosing and Using Presentational Aids Aids should serve a need Aids should be planned and adapted to the audience and the situation. Aids should not dominate or take over the presentation. Aids should look as professionally prepared as possible. Aids should be practical—easy to prepare, use, and transport Aids that are not original require documentation Visuals should only contain one idea, etc. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Types of Presentational Aids Computer-Generated Images Video and Digitized Video Clips Real Objects Models Photographs, Drawings, and Diagrams Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Presentation Software Deciding When to Use PowerPoint or Prezi in Your Presentations Be sure the presentational aid enhances your speech Many in the business sector suggest a maximum of 10 slides in a 20-minute presentation. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Creating Effective PowerPoint or Prezi Presentations Color Type and Font Size Displaying the Slide Show Use of Graphics and Pictures Photo from chapter 10 page 272 Copyright © Spencer Grant/Photo Edit Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Using Presentational Aids: Who’s Really in Control? Remember a presentational aid is only a tool Be prepared—Plan B Practice Your Delivery Practice, practice, practice Begin with small segments Try to practice in the room where you will deliver the presentation Concentrate on what you are saying and to whom you are saying it Be yourself Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.