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Chapter 5 Connecting through Nonverbal Communication Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

What Is Nonverbal Communication? Behaviors, symbols, attributes, or objects—whether intended or not—that communicate messages with social meaning are known as nonverbal communication. We have a tendency to take nonverbal communication for granted. We spend more of our time communicating nonverbally than verbally. We often make our daily decisions based on our nonverbal communication. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication Nonverbal communication occurs constantly Nonverbal communication depends on context Nonverbal communication is a primary means of expression Nonverbal communication is more believable Nonverbal communication is related to culture Nonverbal communication is ambiguous Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Things You Should Know about Nonverbal Communication Carries most of the meaning of the message, particularly feelings and attitudes toward others. Is a frequent source of misunderstandings. Is not governed by a set of universal rules. Is multi-channeled, complicated, and ever-changing. Is bound to context and culture. Is more likely than verbal communication to be spontaneous and unintentional. Is powerful and more believable than verbal communication. Is learned (not always consciously). Is critical in relationship initiation, development, and termination. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Functions of Nonverbal Communication Complementing Completes, describes, or accents a verbal message. Repeating Expresses a message identical to the verbal one. Regulating Controls the flow of communication. Substituting Replaces a verbal message with nonverbal signals to exchange thoughts. Deceiving Nonverbal cues that purposely disguise or mislead to create a false impression. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Types of Nonverbal Communication Facial expression, body movement Physical characteristics Touch Space Time Paralanguage Silence Artifacts Environment

Types of Nonverbal Communication Facial Expressions and Body Movements Kinesics Oculesics Facial expressions Facial management techniques Intensifying—exaggeration of reactions to others’ expectations Deintensifying—understatement of reactions to meet others’ expectations Neutralizing—avoidance of any emotional expression in a situation Masking—replacement of one expression with another considered more appropriate Facial Management Techniques Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Categories of Body Movement and Facial Expressions Emblems: translate directly into words Illustrators: accent, reinforce or emphasize verbal messages Regulators: control, monitor or maintain interaction between communicators Affect displays: body movements that express emotions Adaptors: body movements that help one feel at ease Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Physical Characteristics Body type Attractiveness Height/weight Skin tone

Touch/Haptics One of the most basic forms of communication. Categories of touch: Functional-professional Social-polite Friendship-warmth Love-intimacy Sexual arousal Chapter 5, page 108 Medioimages/Photodisc/Getty Images Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Space - Proxemics Hall’s Proximity Zones Intimate: 0-18” Personal: 18” - 4’ Social: 4’-12’ Public: 12’ plus Territoriality: need to identify certain space as one’s own.

Time - Chronemics Study of how people perceive, structure, and use time as communication Time expectations Time approaches Looking to the future Living in the present Longing for the past

Artifacts Environment Personal adornments Possessions Psychological and physical surroundings in which communication occurs Photo courtesy of Marilyn Shaw Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Improving Our Ability to Send and Interpret Nonverbal Communication Self-monitoring Sending Be aware of how people react to you. Ask friends or colleagues for their help. Make a video of yourself to see how you appear to others. Adapt to the context or situation in which you find yourself. Interpreting Nonverbal cues have multiple meanings. Nonverbal cues are interdependent. Nonverbal cues are subtle. Use descriptive feedback to reduce misunderstandings. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved