Ions, Charges, and Metallic Bonds

Types of Ions Polyatomic - a covalently bonded group of atoms that lost or gained e- Sulfate: SO42- Monoatomic - one atom that lost or gained valence e- Sulfide: S2-

Monoatomic Ions The representative groups form ions with predictable charges (oxidation number). Electrons are lost/gained so atoms can be isoelectric with the nearest noble gas You must to know the charge formed by each group

CATIONS (+) [Ne] 3s1  Na+ + e- Na  [Ne] A metal atom loses all its valence e- in a process called oxidation forming a positive ion Go backward on the table to determine the noble gas [Name is same as neutral element] e- Notice that Na+ has the same configuration as neon [Ne] 3s1  [Ne] Na+ + e- Na  Sodium ion

ANIONS (-) A nonmetal atom gains enough valence e- in a process called reduction to have 8 total Go forward on the table to determine the noble gas [Name ends with -ide] e- Which noble gas does chloride become isoelectric with?  1s22s22p6 1s22s22p5 [Ne] F + e-  F- Fluoride ion

The charges on groups of the periodic table +/- 4 +1 +2 +3 -3 -2 -1 N O B L E G A S +2 (most) Lose e- Gain e-

Metallic Bonds Metallic elements exist as cations (the atoms lose their valence e-) This “sea of e-” belong to all the atoms; this is why metals are malleable and conductive