Spontaneous Processes and Entropy

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Presentation transcript:

Spontaneous Processes and Entropy Thermodynamics lets us predict whether a process will occur but gives no information about the amount of time required for the process. A spontaneous process is one that occurs without outside intervention. Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Entropy The driving force for a spontaneous process is an increase in the entropy of the universe. Entropy, S, can be viewed as a measure of randomness, or disorder. Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Positional Entropy A gas expands into a vacuum because the expanded state has the highest positional probability of states available to the system. Therefore, Ssolid < Sliquid << Sgas Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

The Second Law of Thermodynamics . . . in any spontaneous process there is always an increase in the entropy of the universe. Suniv > 0 for a spontaneous process. Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Effect of H and S on Spontaneity Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.