Toplotne črpalke Martin Vidmar.

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Presentation transcript:

Toplotne črpalke Martin Vidmar

Zakaj toplotne crpalke Zmanjsanje emisij ogljikovega dioksida Najbolsi izkoristek el.energije Poceni energija Uporabna tudi za hlajenje

Tipi črpalk Glede na tehnologijo Glede na vir toplote

Glavni elementi Evaporator Kompresor Condenzator Razpenjalni ventil Delovna tekočina

Toplotni viri Ambientalni zrak Ventilacijski zrak Zemlja Kamenina Talna voda Površinske vode Odpadne vode

Heat source Temperature Range (°C) Ambient air -10 - 15 Exhaust air 15 - 25 Ground water 4 - 10 Lake, river water 0 - 10 Sea water 3 - 8 Rock 0 - 5 Ground Waste water and effluent >10

Ambientalni zrak Enostavna montaža Nekonstantna T Vlažen zrak zmrzuje

Ventilacijski zrak Za stavbe z ventilaacijskim sistemom Omejen z ventilacijo Potrebno dodatno gretje

Zemlja Obnovljiva toplota Na globini 0.9m - 1.5m zmanjšana in zakasnjena T Zemlja okoli cevi zmrzne Topl.prev. Odvisna od vsebnosti vode Zanemarljivi učinki na rastlinje Slinky

Kamenina Najefektivnejša a tudi najdražja Potrebnega manj prostora Predpisi in standardi glede vrtin

Površinske vode Poleti akumulira toploto za pozimi Potopljen na dno Pravice za izkoriščanje vode

Talne vode Ločiti pritok od odtoka Predpisi glede vode

Delovne tekočine 1900 amoniak, CO2, voda 1928 CFC (R-12) kasneje HCFC 1973 Rowland in Molina ogroža ozon 1987 Montreal protocol Sedaj HFC

Date Control Measure 1 January 1996 CFCs phased out (1) 1 January 2004 HCFCs reduced by 35% 1 January 2010 HCFCs reduced by 65% 1 January 2015 HCFCs reduced by 90% 1 January 2020 HCFCs phased out allowing for a service tail of up to 0.5% until 2030 for existing refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment

Varstvo okolja TEWI L n GWP E n EF L m GWP LCCP COP PER

Tržišče Majhno št. držav Omejeno vedenje, premajhna publiciteta Visoki začetni stroški Slabo izobraženi kadri

Stroški Elektrika Plin TČ £2,500 8,300 kWh/ leto 2,150 kg/ leto £4,500 5,000 kWh/leto 630 kg/leto

Viri http://www.heatpumpcentre.org wikipedia