MANAGING GOVERNMENT

What is Government ? A group of people that governs people A government is the system by which a state and community is controlled and managed

A government formulate policy, exercises executive, political power through different institutions like legislation, executive and judiciary. A government control economic, political, social and other systems

Forms of Government Aristocracy and Dictatorship Monarchy Democracy Republic

Role of Government Very few and limited role in the beginning of state As citizens’ need changed, role of government expanded Laissez-faire economy and great depression Role depends on economic system – capitalist, socialist and mixed Policy of economic liberalization

Changing Role of Government Role has been changing rapidly due to – Globalization Technological innovations Trans – national crimes Environment change, etc.

Contd. Government - - focus on policy formulation - act as a regulator/ facilitator/evaluator - perform promotional activities - attract PPP

Functions of Modern Government External Security Domestic law and order, justice Foreign policy/ diplomacy Public goods and services

Contd. Economic development policy Social welfare policy Periodic elections in democratic nations Natural disaster management

Models for Managing Government The government as machine model – dominated by rules, control ! control !! control !!! The government as network model – opposite of machine model connect, communicate and collaborate

Condt.. The performance model – - make accountable - measure performance Virtual government model – - privatize, contract and negotiate - from concern to do towards concern to ensure things are done

Contd. Contracting out Lease – BOT – highway, water supply License – transport, education, health Joint venture/ Partnership

GOVERNANCE Governance is the exercise of economic, political, administrative authority to manage a country’s affairs at all levels. ( UNDP 1997 ) Governance comprises the mechanisms, processes, and institutions through which citizens and groups articulate their interest, exercise their legal rights.

Contd. Governance is a manner in which power is exercised in the management of a country’s economic and social resources for development (World Bank)

Good Governance Promoted by UN agency Characteristics Participation Rule of law Transparency Accountability Responsiveness Effectiveness and efficiency Equity

Governance and Management Doing the right thing and doing the thing right Determines ‘What’ and ‘ How’ Macro and micro level Both are important

Do you agree ? One of the principle function of the government is to retain in power There is no best way to manage everything Government intervention can slow growth Downsize the government and contracting out the functions Government needs to be managed and management needs to be governed The best government is less governance

What do you suggest on managing the government in Nepal ?