The Enlightenment and the American Revolution Section 3: Birth of the American Republic Witness History Audio: Paine’s Common Sense Britain Becomes a Global Power At the time of the American Revolution, Britain was a world superpower. It had begun to build its empire and already controlled trade with much of North America, the West Indies, and India. George III came to power in 1760 and was determined to assert his control. Notes: Listen to the Witness History audio. Then read aloud the main idea for each subheading in this section and show the related visuals. After listening to the Witness History audio, ask, “How do Paine’s words reflect Enlightenment ideals?” (He points to reason and natural law—“the universal order of things”—as reasons why the colonies must be free from England.) When showing Color Transparencies 103 and 106, use the lessons suggested in the transparency book to guide discussion. When showing Color Transparency 104, direct students to the infographic in their books on “The Roots of American Democracy.” Ask “What ideas of the Enlightenment were incorporated into the Constitution?” (popular sovereignty, limited government, separation of powers, checks and balances) Color Transparency 103: The Election II—Canvassing for Votes by William Hogarth Note Taking Transparency 122 1 of 10

The Enlightenment and the American Revolution Section 3: Birth of the American Republic The English Colonies in the Mid-1700s In Britain’s American colonies, economic life was booming by 1750. Although Britain tried to regulate trade and other aspects of life in the colonies, there was a sense of semi-independence on the part of the colonists, who tried to control their own affairs. Notes: Listen to the Witness History audio. Then read aloud the main idea for each subheading in this section and show the related visuals. After listening to the Witness History audio, ask, “How do Paine’s words reflect Enlightenment ideals?” (He points to reason and natural law—“the universal order of things”—as reasons why the colonies must be free from England.) When showing Color Transparencies 103 and 106, use the lessons suggested in the transparency book to guide discussion. When showing Color Transparency 104, direct students to the infographic in their books on “The Roots of American Democracy.” Ask “What ideas of the Enlightenment were incorporated into the Constitution?” (popular sovereignty, limited government, separation of powers, checks and balances) Geography Interactive: The Colonies That Became the United States 2 of 10

The Enlightenment and the American Revolution Section 3: Birth of the American Republic Colonists Express Discontent When King George III imposed taxes on the colonies to help pay for wars, the colonists rebelled. Tensions escalated and finally broke out into war. Inspired by Enlightenment ideas about the natural rights of man and the right to revolt against an unjust government, the Second Continental Congress declared independence from Britain. Notes: Listen to the Witness History audio. Then read aloud the main idea for each subheading in this section and show the related visuals. After listening to the Witness History audio, ask, “How do Paine’s words reflect Enlightenment ideals?” (He points to reason and natural law—“the universal order of things”—as reasons why the colonies must be free from England.) When showing Color Transparencies 103 and 106, use the lessons suggested in the transparency book to guide discussion. When showing Color Transparency 104, direct students to the infographic in their books on “The Roots of American Democracy.” Ask “What ideas of the Enlightenment were incorporated into the Constitution?” (popular sovereignty, limited government, separation of powers, checks and balances) Witness History Audio: The Declaration of Independence Color Transparency 106: Tarring and Feathering Under the Liberty Tree 3 of 10

The Enlightenment and the American Revolution Section 3: Birth of the American Republic The American Revolution Continues With their passion, with their knowledge of the countryside, and with help from France, the Netherlands, and Spain, the colonists defeated the British. The Treaty of Paris ended the war and recognized the independent United States of America. Notes: Listen to the Witness History audio. Then read aloud the main idea for each subheading in this section and show the related visuals. After listening to the Witness History audio, ask, “How do Paine’s words reflect Enlightenment ideals?” (He points to reason and natural law—“the universal order of things”—as reasons why the colonies must be free from England.) When showing Color Transparencies 103 and 106, use the lessons suggested in the transparency book to guide discussion. When showing Color Transparency 104, direct students to the infographic in their books on “The Roots of American Democracy.” Ask “What ideas of the Enlightenment were incorporated into the Constitution?” (popular sovereignty, limited government, separation of powers, checks and balances) Witness History Video: The Enlightenment and the American Revolution 4 of 10

The Enlightenment and the American Revolution Section 3: Birth of the American Republic A New Constitution When the Articles of Confederation proved too weak to establish effective government, some of the nation’s leaders drafted the Constitution based on Enlightenment ideas of Locke, Montesquieu, and Rousseau. The new government would recognize some basic rights of the people and establish three branches of government to create checks and balances. This document served as a model for constitutions created by other countries. Notes: Listen to the Witness History audio. Then read aloud the main idea for each subheading in this section and show the related visuals. After listening to the Witness History audio, ask, “How do Paine’s words reflect Enlightenment ideals?” (He points to reason and natural law—“the universal order of things”—as reasons why the colonies must be free from England.) When showing Color Transparencies 103 and 106, use the lessons suggested in the transparency book to guide discussion. When showing Color Transparency 104, direct students to the infographic in their books on “The Roots of American Democracy.” Ask “What ideas of the Enlightenment were incorporated into the Constitution?” (popular sovereignty, limited government, separation of powers, checks and balances) Color Transparency 104: Enlightenment Thinkers History Interactive: Roots of American Democracy QuickTake Section Quiz Progress Monitoring Transparency QuickTake Chapter Test 5 of 10

The Enlightenment and the American Revolution: Section 3 Color Transparency 103: The Election II—Canvassing for Votes by William Hogarth 6 of 10

The Enlightenment and the American Revolution: Section 3 Note Taking Transparency 122 7 of 10

The Enlightenment and the American Revolution: Section 3 Color Transparency 106: Tarring and Feathering Under the Liberty Tree 8 of 10

The Enlightenment and the American Revolution: Section 3 Color Transparency 104: Enlightenment Thinkers 9 of 10

The Enlightenment and the American Revolution: Section 3 Progress Monitoring Transparency 10 of 10