Revolutions Global Review Class
Oliver Cromwell and Charles I
English Puritan – 1640s Oliver Cromwell and Roundheads Stuart Dynasty Absolutism Magna Carta – ideas of limited monarchy Puritans in Parliament oppose King Charles I King v. Parliament Anglicans v. Catholics End of Stuart rule Charles I beheaded Dictatorship under Cromwell Eventually leads to Glorious Revolution in 1688 Evolution of democracy – 600 yrs
William and Mary
English Glorious Revolution 1688 - Parliament King James II placed Catholics in high gov. posts James’ second wife gave birth to a son – feared Catholic heir to throne James II flees country William and Mary become King and Queen They sign the BILL OF RIGHTS Est. the supremacy of Parliament over the King
Louis XVI and Marie
French Revolution 1789-1815 “Liberty, Equality and Fraternity” Robespierre, Jacobins and Napoleon Bourbon Dynasty Absolutism Bankruptcy, unfair taxes Grain harvest disaster Enlightenment ideas of Locke, Rousseau, Montesquieu Demand for equality by 3rd estate End of absolutism More equality and democratic government – thanks to dictator Napoleon Rise of the middle class End of special privileges of nobles Reign of Terror Execution of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette
Industrial Revolution 1750s -1850s Begins in England After the Agricultural Revolution Natural resources, capital, talent, markets and cheap labor New technology of energy sources Rise of factory system Urbanization Growth of capitalism Higher standard of living Unions Longer life expectancy IMPERIALISM Marxism and communism emerge
Czar Nicholas II and Lenin
Russian Revolution 1917 Peace, Land and Bread Lenin, Trotsky and Bolsheviks Romanov Dynasty Absolutism Hardships of WW I Hunger/unrest Need for land reform Marxist ideas Anger at Czar and Czarina & Rasputin’s influence Provisional govt. set up and overthrown by Lenin Execution of Czar and family Russia withdraws from WW I and signs Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 1st Communist nation USSR Command economy – government owns means of production and distribution
Russian Revolution
Russian Revolution 1991 Yeltsin Gorbachev’s reforms of glasnost and perestroika Opposition of hard line communists Ethnic nationalism Lack of consumer goods Lack of worker motivation End of communist control over eastern Europe and USSR End of Gorbachev’s rule 15 new republics formed Collapse of Warsaw Pact Creation of democratic Russia Concern over who might get hands on old nuclear weapons and technology!
Cuban Revolution
Cuban Revolution 1959 Castro Corruption of the Batista regime Need for land reform Anti-foreign feelings Communist support Nationalization of businesses and property Communism in the western hemisphere Land reform Trade embargo with USA Having economic difficulty after collapse of USSR – ally and financial supporter
Iranian Revolution
Iranian Revolution 1979 A. Khomeini Islamic fundamentalism Opposition to modernization and west Anti – foreigner Need for land reform Shah lived lavish lifestyle while many citizens in poverty End of Shah’s rule – flees to Mexico and US Theocracy Islamic fundamentalism Americans taken hostage 444 days Iran-Iraq War over oil Pose potential threat – anti western and advocate that ideology
Chinese Revolution
Chinese Revolution 1949 Mao Corruption of the Nationalist government of Chiang Kai Shek Need for land reform Civil war Chaos of WW II Mao’s appeal to lower classes, Great March, fought Japanese End of Civil War Redistribution of land Great Leap forward Collectivization of farms Command economy Red Guard Support North Vietnam and North Korea